摘要
有机化学中,除了羧酸之外,存在一些不含有羧基官能结构,但仍然可在一定条件下通过相关C—H键或O—H键的异裂解离出质子,表现出一定酸性,甚至是显著酸性的有机化合物,曾被称之为假酸或碳素酸,总结了几类典型的非羧酸类有机化合物及其酸性,包括硝基甲烷、含有α-H的醛酮类化合物、乙酰乙酸乙酯、乙酰丙酮、丙二酸二乙酯、末端炔烃、醇、酚及其衍生物,并从电子结构特征出发,简要分析了其酸性的本质和影响因素,有助于全面系统学习和认识这些有机化合物的酸性。
Some organic compounds without carboxyl group,but still showing a certain acidic even obvious acidic through the C-H or O-H bond heterolytic dissociation under a certain condition, are known as the pseduo acid or carbonacic acid. We summarized several typical noncarboxylic acid organic compounds, including nitromethane, aldehydes and ketones containing α-H, ethyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, diethyl malonate, terminal alkyne. alcohols, phenols and their derivatives. From the point view of electronic structural features, a brief analysis of the nature and influencing factors on acidity are performed. This will contribute to a comprehensive and systematic understanding on the acid property of these kinds of organic compounds.
作者
袁焜
刘艳芝
王鹏
YUAN Kun;LIU Yan-Zhi;WANG Peng(College of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, China)
出处
《化学教育（中英文）》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第2期31-35,共5页
Chinese Journal of Chemical Education
关键词
酸性
硝基甲烷
α-H
羧酸衍生物
有机化学教学
acidity
nitromethane
α-H
carboxylic acid derivatives
organic chemistry teaching
