摘要
美国联邦资助的研发中心(FFRDCs)是一类特殊的研发机构,它由政府拥有,但由大学、其他非营利机构和企业等承包商来进行管理。FFRDCs的绝大部分经费来自联邦政府机构,且主要开展那些通常由政府直属研究机构或私营部门无法有效完成的长期研发工作。本文对美国FFRDCs的使命、特点、研发经费、管理模式及其面临的问题与挑战进行了分析,以期对我国国立研发机构的管理与改革起到一定的借鉴作用。
Federally Funded R&D Centers(FFRDCs) are a special class of research institutions in the United States. They are owned by the federal government, but operated by contractors, including universities, other nonprofit organizations, and industrial firms. Most of their funding comes from federal agencies and they are intended to carry out long-term R&D work which is usually not effectively completed by the government-affiliated research institutes or the private sectors. This paper analyzes the mission, characteristics, R&D expenditure, management mode, problems and challenges of FFRDCs in the United States, with a view to providing some reference for the management and reform of national R&D institutions in China.
作者
赵俊杰
ZHAO Jun-jie(Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China,Beijing,100038)
出处
《全球科技经济瞭望》
2018年第10期25-33,共9页
Global Science，Technology and Economy Outlook
关键词
美国
国立研发机构
美国联邦资助的研发中心
FFRDCs
国家实验室
GOCO管理模式
U.S.
National R&D Institute
Federally Funded Research &Development Centers
FFRDCs
National Laboratory
Government-Owned,Contractor-Operated(GOCO)model
