摘要
大概自唐宋以来,在一些文人的诗词歌咏中开始出现"日里金鸡叫"的说法。此外,在一些唐宋以后的寺观或墓室壁画中,也开始将太阳中的"金乌"或"三足乌"绘成"金鸡"或"三足鸡"。自宋代以后,更有不少学者以阴阳之说或十二生肖的"卯兔"与"酉鸡"的影像或投影……等说法来解释日中的"鸡"。结合传世文献与出土文献等相关材料进行分析,以为日中有"鸡"之说的出现,应是受到中国流传久远的"日中有乌"之说的影响。而日中有"乌"之说,实与早期原始初民以乌鸟的"暮去晨来"来解释太阳的"朝出夕落"之现象的一种"神圣叙事"。然而,相关说法流传到了后世,一方面或由于"乌"与"鸡"的形象相近,在相关图像的传衍过程中,本即容易相混;另一方面则可能也与"日中有乌"之说的神圣性逐渐消失,人们遂以日常生活中随处可见的"鸡"来取代日中之"乌",而使得"金鸡"成为新的太阳神禽。
According to the written records,ancient Chinese believed that there were "crows"or "crows with three legs"in the sun during the Warring States or early periods.This statement then spread to its adjacent countries, Korea and Japan,and influenced their creation myth.In the Tang and Song dynasties,the statement evolved into "golden chicken"or "chicken with three legs"and was found in poems,temples,tombs,or frescoes.After the Song dynasty,many scholars have tried to explain the image of "golden chicken in the sun".For example, Yin and Yang are born together,the years of rabbit and chicken are opposite,"the moon has rabbit"and "the sun has chicken",and the projective shadows of chicken and rabbit are in the sun and the moon.This article hopes to combine the written records and unearthed documents to suggest that the idea of "a chicken in the sun" should have been influenced by the saying of "a crow in the sun"circulating in China for a long time.The myth of "a crow in the sun"probably was from the similarity that crow and sun show themselves in the day and disappear during the night.The statement of "a chicken in the sun"may owe to the similarity in shape of "crow" and "chicken",which is easy to cause confusion in the process of image transmission.Another possibility of the symbol that "crow"switched to "chicken"may be the gradually disappeared sacredness of crow and the popularity of chicken.The public therefore replaced the "crow"with the common symbol "chicken".
出处
《民俗研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期67-78,157,共13页
Folklore Studies
关键词
日中有鸡
日中有乌
图像
神圣叙事
世俗化
a chicken in the sun
a crow in the sun
image
sacred narrative
secularization
