摘要
目的分析中山市18岁及以上居民膳食钠和钾摄入状况及其食物来源,并对钠钾比与高血压关系进行研究。方法以多阶段整群随机抽样的方法抽取中山市5个镇区400户18岁及以上居民,对调查对象的基本信息、高血压患病情况和1年中对各类食物的摄入量及摄入频率进行问卷调查。采用描述流行病学分析方法对调查结果进行分析,并采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析方法对高血压与钠钾比的关系进行分析。结果共对984名中山市18岁及以上居民进行调查,其中男性463人(占47.1%)、女性521人(占52.9%),高血压患病率为8.2%(81/984)。调查对象日均膳食钠和钾摄入量中位数分别为2 501.5(2 265.7～2 988.8)、1 962.4(1 313.6～2 775.6)mg。93.6%的居民膳食钠摄入量超过AI值,52.4%的居民膳食钾摄入量低于AI值。居民膳食钠的主要来源是食用盐,占63.4%,其余依次为畜禽肉类8.8%、水产品8.3%。膳食钾来源依次为谷类(占20.9%)、蔬菜类(占17.4%)、畜禽肉类(占15.5%)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,膳食钠钾比每增加1个单位,高血压的患病风险增加0.341倍(OR=1.341)。结论中山市18岁及以上居民膳食钠摄入偏高而膳食钾摄入偏低,膳食钠钾比升高可增加高血压的患病风险。应加强相关营养知识的健康教育,提倡低钠高钾膳食。
Objective To analyze the relationship between the dietary intake of sodium and potassium and hypertension among residents aged 18 years and above in Zhongshan City. Method Multistagecluster random sampling method was used to select residents aged 18 years and above from 400 households in 5 urban districts in Zhongshan. A questionnaire survey was conducted for collecting the basic informa-tion of the respondents,prevalence of hypertension,and intake and frequency of various types of food in one year. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the survey results. Multivariate logisticregression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between hypertension and sodium-potassium ratio.Results A total of 984 residents aged 18 and over in Zhongshan City were investigated,including 463males(47.1%)and 521 females(52.9%). The prevalence of hypertension was 8.2%(81/984). The median intakes of the sodium and potassium were 2 501.5(2 265.7-2 988.8)mg/day and 1 962.4(1 313.6-2 775.6)mg/day,respectively. Of the residents,93.6% had dietary sodium intake exceeding the recommended adequate intake(AI),while 52.4% consumed dietary potassium below the recommended AI. Themain resources of dietary sodium were edible salt(63.4%),and then followed by livestock and poultry meat(8.8%),and aquatic products(8.3%). The resources of dietary potassium were cereals(20.9%),vegetables(17.4%),and livestock and poultry meat(15.5%). Logistic regression analysis showed that,if the dietary sodium potassium ratio increased by 1 unit,the risk of hypertension increased 0.341 time(OR=1.341). Conclusions The dietary intake of sodium was slightly high and that of potassium was slightly low in the residents aged 18 years and above in Zhongshan. The dietary sodium potassium ratio increased the risk of hypertension.It is necessary to intensify health education on nutrition and to advocate low sodium and high potassium diet.
作者
陈夏威
蔡春生
何彬洪
郭艳
何伦发
CHEN Xia-wei;CAI Chun-sheng;HE Bin-hong;GUO Yan;HE Lun-fa(Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan 528403,China)
出处
《华南预防医学》
2018年第6期518-522,共5页
South China Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
广东省中山市科技计划项目(2015B1135)
关键词
营养调查
氯化钠
钾
膳食
高血压
Nutrition survey
Sodium chloride
Potassium,dietary
Hypertension
