摘要
突发事件下的人群疏散研究可为避免人员受到危害提供理论依据,基于颗粒离散元方法,通过编写程序赋予每个颗粒不同的属性和自主行动特性,模拟紧急情况中单出口条件下室内人群的疏散过程。结果表明,该方法能够较准确地模拟出实际疏散中出口处的拥堵现象及出口宽度的改变对疏散结果的影响。对比社会力、元胞自动机和颗粒离散元3种方法的计算结果后发现,三者具有一定的相似性,离散元方法能改进社会力方法对人与人之间排斥力过大的问题,也可避免元胞自动机方法中行人路径选择单一的问题,表明基于颗粒离散元方法对人群疏散仿真计算具有一定优越性。基于数值计算结果分析,提出单出口条件下,出口宽度分别为1m、2m和3m时,疏散时间t和室内总人数n的计算公式,可根据房间日常使用人数来优化确定出口的宽度取值。
The paper intends to provide a theoretical basis for getting rid of a personnel harm or damage in case of the crowd evacuation of the emergency danger.To achive the purpose,we would like to provide each and every person nearby with the unique attributies and autonomous mobile features with the discrete element method(DEM) and the soft ball contact model with a program as shown below by simulating the in-door mass-crowd evacuation process on the condition when there exists only one or unique exit in case of emergency.The calculation results show that the DEM method can accurately simulate the congestion situation when there were only one exit in the actual evacuation status-in-situ process.What is more,it is also necessary to describe the relation between the exit width and the evaluation effects accurately.For example,the broader the exit is,the less time would be needed for a certain number of evacuators to get relieved.In addition,two methods which are widely applied in the crowd-escapers evacuation are presented in this paper for comparison.When comparing the calculation results of the above mentioned three methods,it would be possible to be clear that the calculation results gained by using the said three methods would be quite similar in term of the movement,queuing,evacuation and/or escaping.More literally speaking,the discrete element method can help to alleviate the problem involved by the social force thingking mode,that is,it can get rid of the repulsive force between the two groups of people.And,in comparison,the calculation results gained by using the discrete element may ignore the abnormal contact force,and close contact among the evacualted crowd.That is to say,it tends to solve the problem in the cellular automata method,the escapers tend to choose the monotonous route or routes.On the other hand,if the discrete element calculation is used,the escapers would be moving orderless-irregularly,which may indicate that the discrete element method can be somewhat advantageous in simulating the crowd evac
作者
同霄
TONG Xiao(Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi'an 710018,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-permeability Oil and Gas Field,Xi'an 710018,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期2310-2315,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
关键词
公共安全
疏散模型
颗粒离散元
数值模拟
public safety
evacuation model
discrete particle method
numerical simulation
