摘要
为提升苹果花期冻害气象预警和灾害防御水平,笔者利用2001年以来延安出现的5次苹果花期冻害天气过程,通过对比分析温度、花朵受冻率和产量。结果表明:延安市苹果花期冻害有日期提前和影响加重的趋势;严重冻害年具有温度通过0℃初日早、3月温度明显偏高、积温高的特征;不同物候期形成冻害指标不一样,整个花序受冻指标在中心花开放期和花序分离期,过程极端最低气温在-3℃左右时,少量中心花受冻,最低气温≤-4℃会形成轻度受冻,最低气温≤-5℃出现中度受冻。盛花期当温度降至-3℃时出现轻度受冻;-4℃时出现中度受冻;-5℃以下时重度受冻。今后花期冻害天气的预报及影响评估,既要考虑冻害过程最低温度值,也要重点考虑通过0℃初日、3月温度与活动积温情况,前期气温是否异常偏高等现象。
The paper aims to improve the freeze injury weather warning and disaster prevention level during apple flowering period. Based on the 5 freezing injury weather processes during apple flowering period in Yan’ansince 2001, the authors analyzed the temperature, flower freezing rate and apple yield. The results showed that:the freeze injury during apple flowering period in Yan’an had a tendency of advanced date and aggravatinginfluence; the severe cold injury year had the characteristics of earlier first day passed 0℃, obviously hightemperature in March, and high accumulated temperature; the indicators of the formation of freeze injuryduring different phenological phases were different, the whole inflorescence was frozen in the central floweropening period and inflorescence separation period; a few central flowers were frozen when the extrememinimum temperature was-3℃; mild freeze and moderate freeze happened with the lowest temperature ≤-4℃and ≤-5℃, respectively; at the full-bloom stage, the mild freeze occurred when the temperature dropped to-3℃; moderate freeze occurred at-4℃ and the severe freeze occurred below-5℃. In the future, the predictionand impact assessment of freeze injury weather during the apple flowering period should not only consider theminimum temperature in the process of freeze injury, but also focus on the phenomenon of the first day passed0℃, the temperature in March and the active accumulated temperature, and whether the temperature at the early stage is abnormally high.
作者
雷延鹏
孙智辉
曹雪梅
宗廷国
刘志超
Lei Yanpeng;Sun Zhihui;Cao Xuemei;Zong Tingguo;Liu Zhichao(Yan,an Meteorological Bureau,Yan'an Shaanxi 716000;Luochuan Meteorological Bureau,Luochuan Shaanxi 727400)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2018年第32期102-107,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
陕西省研究型业务重点科研项目"苹果花期防霜综合试验"(2015z-8)
延安市2018年"精准苹果气象服务创新团队"
关键词
延安
苹果花期
冻害
Yan'an
flowering period of apple
freeze injury
