摘要
作为一种纳米级别的囊泡,外泌体的相关研究近年来逐渐成为热点。外泌体来源于细胞内的多囊泡胞内体,经由细胞膜释放到细胞外。由于来自特定细胞类型的外泌体含有多种特异性的蛋白质和microRNA,使其成为了可以广泛用于疾病诊断及预后的新型生物标志物。相较于其他外源性药物载体,外泌体具有更低的免疫原性,并能够靶向作用于病变细胞。这使得由细胞天然产生或经过人工改造的外泌体作为一种新兴的药物载体具有良好的发展前景。特别是近几年,外泌体在临床应用领域的发展潜力不断获得拓展,针对肿瘤、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、神经退行性病变等重大疾病,以外泌体为基础的疾病诊断和药物的研发都取得了快速的进步。本篇综述重点介绍了外泌体作为一种生物标志物在疾病诊断和预后中的应用,同时阐述了外泌体作为一种新兴的药物载体所具有的优势以及存在的问题。
As a kind of nano-scale vesicles,related research on exosomes has become a hot topic in recent years. Exosomes are derived from multi-vesicular endosomes( MVBs) and are released into extracellular space after the MVBs fused with the cell membrane. Because exosomes from specific cell types contain a variety of specific proteins and microRNAs,they can be widely used as innovative biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Compared with other exogenous drug carriers,exosomes have lower immunogenicity and can target the diseased cells. The application potential of exosomes in clinics has been continuously expanded,such as that exosomes produced naturally or artificially by cells may be potentially developed as a new drug carrier. In addition,rapid progress has been made on exosomes-based diagnostic methods and drug development for major diseases such as cancer,diabetes,cardiovascular,cerebrovascular,and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the role of exosomes as biomarkers in disease diagnosis and prognosis,as well as the advantages and problems of exosomes as emerging drug delivery vehicles.
作者
程显达
王浩
李庆伟
CHENG Xian-Da;WANG Hao;LI Qing-Wei(School of Life Sciences,Lamprey Research Center,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,Liaoning,Chma)
出处
《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期1280-1285,共6页
Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.31601150)
中国博士后科学基金(No.165592)
辽宁省博士科研启动基金(No.201601241)资助.
关键词
外泌体
疾病诊断
药物载体
exosomes
disease diagnosis
drug delivery vehicles
