摘要
自2014年3月"克里米亚危机"以来,美国对俄罗斯发动了以经济制裁为主,辅以军事、外交、政治、宣传等各领域对抗的多轮"制裁战"。特别是2018年3月以来,美以俄前特工在英国中毒事件为由发起的新一轮制裁更加严厉,首次正式提出把制裁对象扩大到美国以外的个人和实体。美对俄新一轮制裁的目的是全面打压俄经济复苏,防止俄重新崛起;重点打击俄能源领域,扩大美在欧洲市场份额;削弱俄政治军事实力,维护美国霸权;迎合朝野情绪,服从美国中期选举需要;维护西方体制和价值观等。尽管新一轮制裁难以让俄屈服,但对俄经济、外交和地缘政治等方面的压力不可小觑。正是在这样的背景下,俄放弃对美幻想,积极与其他国家,特别是那些受到美国制裁影响的国家联手,调整战略方向,加速"去美元化",由"向东看"开始"向东转"。这为中俄深化油气合作提供了新契机,但也应看到,美对俄的新制裁为中俄油气合作带来不容忽视的风险和挑战。
The United States has launched several rounds of "sanctions wars" against Russia since the Crimea Crisis broke out in March 2014,which mainly focused on economy as well as in such fields as military,diplomacy,politics,and publicity.Furthermore,having a former Russian secret agent's being poisoned in the United Kingdom as an excuse,the US started a new wave of sanctions starting from March 2018,which have become more stringent,and for the first time,the objects of sanctions have been explicitly extended to individuals and entities outside the US.The purposes could include:1)comprehensively suppressing Russia's economic recovery and preventing Russia from rising again;2)striking a concentrated blow on the Russian energy sector in order to expand US share in the Europe energy market;3)weakening the political and military strength of Russia which could challenge the US hegemony;4)catering to bipartisan sentiments and serving for the US mid-term elections;5)upholding the western value system.Difficult as it is for making Russia to yield,the economic,diplomatic and geopolitical pressures on Russia thereby should not be underestimated.Under such background,Russia has abandoned its impractical expectations for the US and started to cooperate with other countries,especially those impacted by the US sanctions,by recalibrating its strategic direction and accelerating the "de-dollarization".Russia is not only "looking east",but also "going east".It provides new opportunities for deepening Sino-Russian oil and gas cooperation.However,the risks and challenges brought by the new US sanctions should not be ignored.
作者
毕明
BI Ming(China National Petroleum Corporation)
出处
《国际石油经济》
2018年第11期50-57,共8页
International Petroleum Economics
关键词
美国
俄罗斯
制裁
中俄油气合作
the United States
Russia
sanctions
Sino-Russian oil and gas cooperation
