摘要
采用部门间影响模式比较计划(ISI-MIP)的气候模式,确定全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃出现的时间,并结合农业技术转移决策支持系统(DSSAT)模型模拟小麦的产量,最终选取4套数据对比研究中国小麦区温度和降水变化特征以及各区域小麦产量变化趋势,综合评价了不同升温情景对中国小麦产量的影响。结果表明:(1)在全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃背景下,我国小麦生育期内温度相对于工业革命前分别升高1.17℃和1.81℃。两种升温情景下我国春麦区升温幅度大于冬麦区升温幅度。春麦区中新疆春麦区升温幅度最大,西北春麦区升温幅度最小;冬麦区中温度变化最大和最小的麦区分别为西南冬麦区和黄淮冬麦区。(2)在全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃情景下,我国小麦生育期内降水相对于历史时段(1986—2005年)分别增加9.1%和11.3%。从各麦区来看,两种升温情景下春麦区降水增加幅度略大于冬麦区的增加幅度。所有麦区中只有新疆春麦区降水低于历史时段降水。春麦区降水增加幅度最大的麦区为北部春麦区。冬麦区中降水增加较大的麦区为北部冬麦区和黄淮冬麦区,降水增加较小的麦区为华南冬麦区和西南冬麦区。(3)两种升温情景下,我国小麦单产相对于历史时段(1986—2005年)平均减产分别为5.2%和4.6%,两种升温情景对中国小麦产量并没有显著的差异。在全球升温大背景下我国春小麦主要呈现增产趋势,冬小麦主要呈现减产趋势。减产幅度较大的麦区为华南冬麦区和青藏春麦区,增产幅度最大的麦区为西北春麦区。从各麦区产量减产面积比例上看,我国各麦区减产面积所占比例趋势为从北向南由多变少再变多,其中华南冬麦区减产面积所占比例最大,北部冬麦区最小。
In this study,1.5℃ warming and 2.0℃ warming scenarios were determined by four sets of data from CMIP5 models including IPSL-CM5A-LR (RCP2.6),GFDL-ESM2M (RCP4.5and RCP6.0),NorESM1-M (RCP4.5).Simulations of wheat grain yield were performed using the DSSAT v4.5 crop model.Results show that:(1)The air temperature within the wheat growing season would increase 1.17℃ and 1.81℃ above the pre- industrial levels,respectively,at the global warming of 1.5℃ and 2.0℃.The warming degree of spring wheat areas in China is higher than that of winter wheat areas.Among the spring wheat areas,the Xinjiang Spring Wheat Area has the largest temperature rise,and the Northwest Spring Wheat Area the smallest.Regarding of winter wheat areas,the maximum and the minimum temperature variation are Southwest Winter Wheat Area and Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Area,respectively.(2)Precipitation in China's wheat growing season increases by 9.1%and 11.3%,respectively,at the global warming of 1.5℃ and 2.0℃,relative to the historical period (1986- 2005).The increase of precipitation in spring wheat areas is slightly larger than that of the winter wheat areas.The precipitation in the Xinjiang Spring Wheat Area is lower than that in the historical period.The largest increase of precipitation in spring wheat areas is the Northern Spring Wheat Area.In the winter wheat areas,the Northern and the Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Area shows a larger increase of rainfall,while the precipitation of South China Winter Wheat Area and the Southwest Winter Wheat Area increases slightly.(3)With 1.5℃ and 2.0℃ warming scenarios,wheat production in China is estimated to reduce by 5.2%and 4.6%,respectively,relative to the historical period (1986-2005).The difference between the two warming scenarios is not significant.With global warming,China's spring wheat yield mainly shows an increase trend,and the winter wheat yield mainly shows a decrease trend.The largest yield decrease occur's in the South China Winter Wheat Area and Qinghai-Tibet Spring Wheat Area.The
作者
孙茹
韩雪
潘婕
熊伟
居辉
SUN Ru;HAN Xue;PAN Jie;XIONG Wei;Jig Hui(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《气候变化研究进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期573-582,共10页
Climate Change Research
基金
国家自然科学基金“冬小麦品种对高浓度CO2差异响应的机理研究”(41505100)
国家重点研发计划“北部冬麦区丰产节水型优质强筋小麦品种筛选及其配套栽培技术”(2016YFD0300401).
