摘要
确定河南省不同轮作区冬油菜的最佳氮、磷、钾施肥配比,为河南省油菜的配方施肥提供科学依据。以丰油10号为冬油菜供试品种,在基追比为7:3的基础上,采用"3414"最优回归设计,研究氮磷钾不同施肥处理对油菜产量、农学利用率、养分生产力及经济效益等的影响,并通过一元二次回归方程确定不同轮作区油菜的最佳施肥方案。结果表明各施肥处理中,稻油轮作潢川2个试验点达到最高产量的施肥配方为N_2P_2K_3,平均产量为3 204.15kg/hm^2,其经济效益最高,为13 485.5元/hm^2。氮肥(N)、磷肥(P_2O_5)、钾肥(K_2O)平均增收15.33、22.20和22.17kg/kg。因此稻油轮作中磷钾较低地区的最佳施肥处理为N_2P_2K_3,与一元二次效应方程得出的最佳施肥量结果基本一致。玉米-油菜轮作区南阳试验点获得最高经济效益的施肥配方为N_1P_1K_2,产量为2 801.4kg/hm^2,经济效益为12 599.4元/hm^2,相比最高产量的施肥配方N_2P_3K_2,产值减少875.3元/hm^2,经济效益增长472.4元/hm^2。氮肥(N)、磷肥(P_2O_5)、钾肥(K_2O)平均增收4.05、6.07和5.87kg/kg。因此玉米-油菜轮作磷钾较高地区最佳施肥处理为N_1P_1K_2,是获得高产和高经济效益的施肥配方。
A "3414"fertilizer experiment was developed to determine the optimum fertilization proportions in various rotating areas of Henan Province.Winter rape variety Fengyou No.10was used to investigate the N,P and K fertilizer effects on rapeseed yield,agronomy efficiency (AE),nutrient productivity and economic benefit.We then analyzed the recommended optimum fertilizer amounts in various rotating areas by the fertilizer efficiency models.In two rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan,the fertilizer formula N2P2K3produced the highest yield and economic benefit which averaged 3204.15kg/hm^2and 13485.5yuan/hm^2,respectively.The yield was increased by an average of 15.33,22.20 and 22.17kg corresponding to per kilogram of N,P and K fertilizers,respectively.Therefore,N2P2K3were the optimum fertilization rates in rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan.The fertilizer formula of the highest economic benefit in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N1P1K2which produced an economic benefit of 12599.4yuan/hm^2 and a yield of 2801.4kg/hm^2.Compared with the highest yield fertilizer formula N2P3K2,the output value of N1P1K2 decreased by 875.3yuan/hm^2,but the economic benefit increased by 472.4yuan/hm^2.The yield was increased by an average of 4.05,6.07and 5.87kg corresponding to per kilogram of N,P and K fertilizers,respectively.In conclusion, the optimum fertilization rates in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N1P1K2.These two fertilization rates would bring about high yields and greate conomic benefit.
作者
蔡东芳
王建平
张书芬
何俊平
曹金华
文雁成
赵磊
王东国
朱家成
Cai Dongfang;Wang Jianping;Zhang Shufen;He Junping;Cao Jinhua;Wen Yancheng;Zhao Lei;Wang Dongguo;Zhu Jiacheng(Industrial Crops Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Genetic Improvement in Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第6期130-137,共8页
Crops
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系-油菜(CARS-12)
十三五国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200900)
河南省重大科技专项(151100111200)
关键词
甘蓝型油菜
氮磷钾肥
产量
经济效益
Brassi canapus
N,P and K fertilizer
Yield
Economic benefits
