摘要
霍布斯的政治哲学的诱人之处是对契约伦理学的论证,其恼人之处是他建于契约论之上的君主论的政治主张。霍布斯宣称,当一个社会没有绝对权威的时候,人们便处于"每个人对每个人作战"的"自然状况"。为了结束这种自然状况,人们需要订立社会契约,把除生命权以外的所有权利让渡给国家主权的代理人即君主。导致这种不当结论的根源在于他关于人性的不当假设,即只看到人类对物质财富的贪婪,而忽略了人类对精神财富的追求;只看到人类对死亡的恐惧,却忽略了人类对失去自由的厌恶。与之相比,亚里士多德对人性的理解更为健全,相应地,其政治哲学也更为合理。
The attraction of Hobbes'political philosophy is the argument of contractual eth- ics,while the disgust is the political view of monarchism based on contractualism.Hobbes declares that people will be in the state of nature of 'everybody fighting everybody'when there is no absolute authority in society.In order to end the state of nature,people need a social contract in which they transfer their all rights other than the right to life to the agent of national sovereignty,the monarch.The root cause of this improper conclusion is Hobbes'improper assumption about human nature,in which man has only the greed for material wealth without the pursuit of spiritual wealth,and has only the fear of death without the aversion to the loss of freedom.By contrast,Aristotle's understanding of human nature is more sound,and his political philosophy is more reasonable.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第12期99-109,共11页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
教育部社科基金项目"社会规范的自然化研究"(项目编号:18JYA720017)的阶段性成果
