摘要
太初改历是西汉武帝中期一次重要的历法改革,同时也是一次重大的政治活动。改历经过两个阶段,最后采用的是由邓平、落下闳等人制定的新历,以正月为岁首,将太阳历的二十四节气与太阴历的十二月有机结合起来,以无中气之月置闰,19年7闰,确立了我国历法的基本范式,对后世历法和天文历算等产生了深远影响。唐都、落下闳等人以方士身份参与改历,"以律起历",将历法推步与音律度量结合起来,虽巧妙地化解了改历中遇到的难题,但同时也使历法增加了神秘性和不可知性。落下闳是杰出的天文学家和历算学家,继承了先秦以来"浑天说"的思想,运用浑仪观测天象,以浑象演示天象,是"浑天说"发展过程中的重要代表性人物。落下闳研究要结合《太初历》的研究不断深入,尤其是要与汉武帝"兴造功业""比德三王"等建立"汉家制度"的文治思想相结合,才能看出它在历史上的重要地位和影响。
The Taichu calendar adjustment was both a significant calendar reform and a major political event in the middle period of the Western Han dynasty. This adjustment went through two stages and finally adopted the new calendar formulated by Deng Ping and Luo Xia-hong. The new one takes lunar January as the beginning of the year, combines the solar calendar's 24 solar terms with the lunar calendar's 12months, regards the month which has no Zhong Qi (中气) as leap month, and there are seven leap months during every 19 years. Tang Du and Luo Xia- hong involved in the calendar reform as the alchemists," adjusting calendar by measure" to deduce the calendar in step with melody measure. Although they subtly resolved the problems encountered in the calendar reform, they added mystery and incomprehensibility to the calendar. As an eminent astronomer and calendar calculation expert, Luo Xia-hong inherited the thought of "Huntian" theory (“浑天”说)which appeared since the Pre-qin dynasty. He used the armillary sphere to observe the astronomical phenomena, used the celestial globe to demonstrate astro- nomical phenomena. He was an important representative figure in the development of the theory. It is necessary to combine the study of Luo Xiahong with the study of the Taiehu calendar, especially the civil administration thought of establishing the "Han family system" by emperor Wu of the Han dynasty to see its important position and influ- ence in history.
作者
张存良
ZHANG Cun-liang(School of Chinese Language and Literature, China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009, China)
出处
《西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
2018年第6期1-10,共10页
Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences
关键词
《太初历》
太初改历
落下闳
落下闳研究
Taichu Calendar( 《 太初历》 )
Taichu calendar adjustment
Luo Xia-hong
study of Luo Xia-hong