摘要
壳聚糖（Ｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎ），又名甲壳素、几丁糖，是近年来最受注目的天然食品纤维之一．与其它食品纤维之主要不同之处为其分子上之正电荷，产生多种功能，应用方式广泛．近年又有许多壳聚糖衍生物，增加更多功能． 壳聚糖之主要功能包括吸附脂肪酸、胆固醇等，减少人体吸收．同时也可减缓高血压及糖尿病症状，增加细胞免疫功能，相关医学研究文献甚多．因此成为健康食品业界之宠儿．壳聚糖以其特殊之基，在不同酸碱值之环境中会有不同之吸附阴离子能力．因此对特殊香气、调味料及色素会有控释作用，延长此等分子在食品中之寿命．其应用也以衍生至药品之配方调制以延长药品之疗效． 壳聚糖之种种特殊功能，源自其正电荷及分子量之搭配。而正电荷有来自其分子之脱乙酰度．以往对于壳聚糖之研究往往未注意及此。近年来由于加工技术进步，脱乙酰度已可高达９９％。实验证明其物理化学性能均有其特殊功能，较以往一般脱乙酰度仅为８０％者显著不同．而亮聚糖之单体──葡萄糖（Ｇｌｕｃｏｓｅａｍｉｎｅ）则医学界重视其缓解关节炎病症之效果．各种寡糖级聚合物（聚合度２～９之间）则似乎有较高之提升免疫机能之效果．因此其利用亦扩及纺织业、医疗器材等．均已有产品上市． 壳聚精之功能多样化。
Chitosan is one of the food fibers that received intensive attention in recent years. Native chitosan is differentiated from the other food fiber by its strong cationic charge, augmenting application in many fields that are not normally associated with food fiber. Deriva- tives of the native chitosan are now becoming even more versatile, covering area such as pharmaceutical slow release formula and adjuvant, biotechnology purification tools, etc. Chitosan has been demonstrated in numerous medical literatures to be effective in absorbing fatty acids, cholesterol, and other negatively charged molecules in the gastrointestinal system, ren- dering these molecules unavailable to the body. It has also been cited as effective in reducing symptom of diabetes, hypertension, and function as an immunoresponse modulator. Hence chitosan has ho a favorite ingredient for the health food manufacturer. In addition to its health benefit, chitosan was also used for flavor, aroma and color stabilizer in food industy. Its anti-bacterial function was also exploited in food preservation technology such as pickle, sausage, and fresh produce in order to reduce the use of other chemicals. Such functions are also applied in textile industry, medical device industry, pharmaceutical and agriculture chemical fields. Its health safety status allows it to be considered as an ingredient conforming to the requirement of 'organic farming', hence the popularity. These special functions are directly related to the cationic charge and the molecular weight of the chitosan molecule. The cationic charge on the other hand is a function of its Degree of Deacylation (DAC). Previous studies on the subject are relatively few. Recent technology advancement has allowed the production of chitosan with various DAC becoming routine. It has been demonstrated that the function of chitosan at 99% DAC would be significantly differ- ent from those of 80% DAC. On the subject of molecular weight, it is well known that the monomer of chitosan - glucoscamine would be usef
出处
《中国食品添加剂》
CAS
2000年第2期37-48,共12页
China Food Additives
关键词
几丁质
壳聚糖
健康食品
降血脂
降血压
控制体重
防霉
保鲜
防菌
天然食品纤维
chitin, chitosan, health food, serum cholesterol, hypertension, weight control, anti-mold, food preservation, antimicrobial activity
