摘要
首次讨论了二元合金相图的类型与门捷列夫数 (M)之间的关系。设Ⅷ和IB族元素为溶剂金属 (A) ,其他元素为溶质金属 (B) ,分别用MA和MB表示溶质金属和溶剂金属的门捷列夫数 ,再以它们之间形成的二元合金相图类型为基础 ,研究了MA/MB二维图。结果指出 ,在以溶剂金属为中心的斜线上 ,ΔM =0。该斜线将溶剂金属的二元合金相图类型分为对称的两部分 ,其余元素与溶剂金属的二元合金相图类型分别在斜线的上方和下方。溶剂金属之间形成的二元合金相图基本上都是简单体系 ,并以连续固溶体型和包晶型相图为主 ,二者各占 40 %左右 ,其余的简单体系约占 2 0 %。溶剂金属可分为三组 :Co、Ir、Rh、Ni、Pt、Pd为第一组 ;Cu、Au、Ag为第二组 ;Fe、Os和Ru为第三组。还讨论了各组元素间相互作用所形成的相图的特点。溶剂金属与溶质金属间形成的相图 ,约 80 %为复杂体系 ,简单体系不到 2 0 %。此外 ,还探讨了化学标度、原子的金属半径、原子外层电子数和第一电离能与门捷列夫数之间的规律性变化 。
The relationship between the types of the binary alloy phase diagrams of Ⅷ and IB group elements with the Mendeleev numbers was discussed for the first time by mean of the Ⅷ group elements as solvent meatals(A) and the IB group elements as solute metals(B), and on bases of their alloy phase diagrams types. A two dimension graph of M A/ M B was drawn. The results indicat that there is a oblique line in the graph, which divides the binary alloy phase diagram types of solvent metals into two symmetry parts, the phase diagram types of the other elements with solvent metals located at the over and down of the line respectively, while on the line the ΔM =0. The phase diagrams of between the solvent metals basically are simple systems, mainly in the types of continues solid solution and peritectoid(about 40% respectively). The solvent metals can be divided into three groups:Co,Ir,Rh,Ni,Pt,Pd as the first group, Ag,Au,Cu as the second group, and Fe,Os and Ru as the third group. The characteristics of the phase diagrams formed between the elements in each group was discussed. About 80% phase diagram formed between solvent metals with solute metals belongs to complex system and less than 20% belongs to the simple system. The regular variation of the chemical scale, metallic radius of the atoms, number of valence electrons and the first ionization energy with the Mendeleev numbers and the influence of the crystal structure on the types of phase diagrams were introduced as well.
出处
《稀有金属》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第4期260-265,共6页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
云南省自然科学基金资助项目
项目编号 :97E0 94M
关键词
门捷列夫数
贵金属
二元合金相图
Mendeleev number, Binary alloy phase diagrams,Phase diagram type, Precious metals
