摘要
作物种质资源是控制作物性状的基因载体,是作物育种及其相关学科的生命物质基础。如何从丰富的种质资源中快速、准确地鉴定出育种上迫切需要的新的优异基因,是我国作物育种的急需与作物种质资源迫切需要解决的一个重要科学问题。我国农业上的第二次“绿色革命”应以培育“少投入、多产出、保护环境”的新品种为突破口。因此本项目以发掘抗旱、抗病(虫)、肥料高效利用及优质基因为研究重点。我们将植物基因组学的原理和方法应用于基因资源研究,提出了核心种质构建→重要新基因发掘→基因克隆的技术路线。项目近两年取得如下进展:(1)明确了建立核心种质的策略与方法,建立起了水稻、小麦、大豆初级核心种质。(2)明确了新基因发掘的方法,构建了一批基因作图群体。(3)已克隆到水稻抗白叶枯病候选基因。
Crop germplasm is the base for plant breeding and other related life sciences. How to quickly and accurately identify favorable genes urgently required by crop improvement from huge collection of germplasm is the key issue for plant breeding and germplasm research. The break through of 'the Second Green Revolution' should be the large-scale development and release of new varieties with the characteristics of 'less input, high output and environmental friendliness'. Consequently, exploration of genes conferring diseases/pests resistance, drought tolerance, fertilizer use efficiency and good quality is taken as the major objective of this program. The principles and methodologies of plant genomics are employed in germplasm research. The streamline of germplasm exploration in the present program has been established, i.e. from the establishment of core collection to exploitation of new genes conferring important agronomic traits, and finally to gene cloning. Progress of this program which has been made in recent two years include:
(1) The strategy and methods for the development of core collections were developed, and the primary core collections for rice, wheat and soybean were established;
(2) The approaches for new gene discovery were established, and a set of mapping populations were obtained;
(3) A candidate gene controlling rice blast resistance was cloned.
出处
《中国基础科学》
2001年第7期4-8,共5页
China Basic Science