摘要
对常见固体无机化合物 ,包括简单的二元化合物、氢氧化物及含氧酸盐的水溶性提出了简单的一般判据 ,即对二元化合物 :△X =X1-X2 ≤a,难溶或微溶 ,反之可溶 ;其中X1,X2 分别为化合物中非金属元素和金属元素的电负性 ,对硫化物、卤化物和氧化物 ,a值分别为0 .9,1 .3和 2 .3.对氢氧化物 :Φ =Z+ n +Nd/ 2n≥ 0 .5 ,难溶或微溶 ,反之可溶 ;Z+ 为阳离子Mn + 的电荷数 ,n为Mn + 所在的周期数 ,Nd 为阳离子 (n -1 )d轨道的电子数 ,Nd/ 2n是副族元素的离子极化修正项 .对含氧酸盐 (MmXn)∶(m +n)≥ (m-·n+ ) ,易溶 ,反之则难溶或微溶 ;(m +n)为组成盐的离子数之和 ,(m-·n+ )为离子电荷之积 .本判据模型简单 ,物理意义明确 ,其预测结果准确可靠 .
A set commonly criterions was put forward being use for predicting solubility of general solid inorganic compounds which include two element compounds,hydroxide and salt-oxacid.For a two element compounds,if △ X = X 1- X 2≤ a ,then the compounds are insoluble,or else it is soluble. X 1,X 2 are respectively electronegativity of non-metal and metal element in the compounds,a is equal to 0.9,1.3 and 2.3 respectively for sulfide,halide and oxide.For a hydroxide,if Φ=Z +/n+N d/2n≥0.5 ,then the hydroxide is insoluble or slightly soluble,or else it is soluble. Z + is charge number of positive ion M n+ , n is where M n+ locate in period, N d is electron number of positive ion in its ( n-1)d orbit, N d/2n is amend term of ion polarization for subgroup elements.For a salt-oxacid, M nX m ,if (m+n)≥(m -·n +) ,then the salt oxyacid is soluble,or else it is insoluble or slightly soluble,( m+n ) is sum of ionic number of the salt,( m -·n + )is multiply of ion change. These criterions have characteristic that the model is simple and the physical meaning is definite,so it is accurate and true to predict result,which is reasonably explained by inorganic structure theory.
出处
《荆州师范学院学报》
2001年第5期113-116,共4页
Journal of Jingzhou Teachers College
基金
荆州师范学院学生科研项目
