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利用新—旧冰川沉积物中的类胡萝卜素色素作为波罗的海蓝藻赤潮的标志物

Carotenoid Pigments as Tracers of Cyanobacterial Blooms in Recent and Post-glacial Sediments of the Baltic Sea
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摘要 1999年5月从哥特兰海盆、波罗的海本体北部和芬兰湾东部采集到的新-旧冰川沉积物中类胡萝卜素色素的分布情况进行了研究。其目的在于对最近几个世纪以来发生在波罗的海的蓝藻赤潮的发生时间及强度做出一个全面的、系统的、历史性的回顾。色素的存在是利用高压液相色谱(LPLC)来检测的,检测的主要重点是把色素作为蓝藻赤潮标志物。从三个采样点采集到的沉积物中的色素的含量有明显差异。总的来说,来自于哥特兰海盆的沉积样中色素的含量最高,而芬兰湾东部样品中的含量最低。在三组沉积样中的最上层(0~1cm)是以β-胡萝卜素为主的胡萝卜素。在岩心样品的深层以蓝藻叶黄素与玉米黄素为主。据我们所知,蓝藻叶黄素和玉米黄素是第一次在波罗的海滨海螺期(Litorina stage)早期的沉积物中被发现。这与沉积物深度相关的色素含量的减少与碳含量的减少是一致的,也和波罗的海蓝藻赤潮发生的强度和时间的历史记录相一致。这一切都表明,第二次世界大战之前在这里很少有蓝藻赤潮发生的记录。 The distributions of carotenoid pigments were studied in recent and postglacial sediments collected in the Gotland Basin, in the northern part of the Baltic proper, and in the eastern Gulf of Finland in May 1999. The aim was to provide a systematic, historical review of the occurrence and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea in recent centuries. The presence of pigments was determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), with attention mainly focused on pigments considered as markers for cyanobacteria. The pigment concentrations in sediments from the 3 sampling locations were found to differ markedly. In general, concentrations were highest in sediments from the Gotland Basin, and lowest in sediments from the eastern Gulf of Finland. In all 3 cores echinenone was the dominant carotenoid in the topmost layer of the sediment (0-1cm). In the deeper sections of the cores, myxoxanthophyll and zeaxanthin dominated. To our knowlledge, this is first time that myxoxanthophyll and echinenone have been detected in Baltic Sea sediments from the early Litorina stage. The decrease in the pigment content with sediment depth coincides with a decrease in carbon content, and also fits in with general historical records of the occurrence and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea, which show that cyanobacterial blooms were seldom recorded before World War If.
出处 《AMBIO-人类环境杂志》 2001年第4期179-183,327,共5页
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