摘要
１９９２年起对濒危物种──新疆大头鱼的生态进行了调查。调查的水域有：叶尔羌河、阿克苏河及其上游托什干河和库马里克河、塔里木河、博斯腾湖及上游开都河和天鹅湖、大西海子水库、渭干河水系及克孜尔水库和车尔臣河及新发现的喀依拉克湖等水域，行程１００００多ｋｍ。初步查清了新疆大头鱼的分布范围、生态要求及其数量演变。新疆大头鱼分布的海拔高程为８００～１２００ｍ之间，最高不超越１５００ｍ。栖息于水温较高的静水或缓流的湖泊中，仅为了产卵进行短距离的溯河徊游。现存有新疆大头鱼的水域仅为阿克苏河下游的艾西曼湖群、车尔臣河的喀依拉克湖和渭干河水系的克孜尔水库，并在库区下的河道中发现幼体。目前新疆大头鱼物种已极度濒危。新疆大头鱼系裂腹鱼亚科中生长快、个体大、性成熟年龄晚、繁殖力低的大型食肉性鱼类。运用Ｖｏｎ．Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ的理论生长方程求得的生长参数：－Ｋ＝０．０６３；ｔｏ＝０．２７５；Ｌ＝１１８．２ｃｍ；Ｗ＝２５８８４ｇ；ｔｉｐ＝１７．１龄；ｔｍａｘ＝４７．２龄。与历史上捕获的最大个体基本一致。并对新疆大头鱼的食性、繁殖、及其生态环境进行了初步研究。新疆大头鱼濒危的原因：１、新疆大头鱼生物学特性的本身决定它对环境要求苛刻?
An investigation on the ecology of Talimu big head mountain carp [Aspiorhenchus laticeps(Day)]was carried out in the waters of Yerqiang River,Akesu River,Toskan River,Kunalik River,Talimu River,Bositeng Lake,Kaidu River,Tiane(swan)Lake,Daxihaizi Reservoir, Weigan River,Kezier Reservior,Cherchen River and a newly found lake namde Kayelqke Lake during the years of 1992 and 1994.The investigation primarily demonstrated the fish's distribution,ecology and amount.Talimu big head mountain carp distributed in the warm and still waters at an altitude between 800 and 1 200m,with a maximum altitude of 1 500m.Tailimu big head mountain carp make short distance migration In spawning season.Nowadays, Talimu big head mountain carp were only found in the Aiximan lakes in lower reach of Akesu River, Kaylake Lake of Cherchen River and Kezier Reservoir.The fish is nearly extinct.Talimu big head mountain carp is a large sized,carnivorous species that grows fast,sexually matures late,and is low reproductive. The growth parameters calculatde with Von.Bertalanffy's growth equation(-K =0. 063,t_o= 0.275,L∞=25 884g,tip=17.1 year,t_(max)= 47.2 year)are similar to that calculated based on the biggest specimens in the history.A preliminary study on the feeding habit,spawning and ecological environment was also done in this paper.The reasons of the nearly extinction of the fish are:1,the strict requirement of environment, the narrow distribution, the late sexually mature age,the low reproductivity and the sluggish swimming behaviour,all of which make the restoration of the populations difficult;2.construction of dams that destroyed the fish's feeding habitats and blocked its spawning migration routes;3. high capture intensity;4.lacking of protective measures.We suggest the following protective measures for Talimu big head mountain carp:1.to establish a state-run nature preserve for the fish;2.to control capture intensity;3.to start artificial reproduction and recruitment;4.searching for new habitats in the Cherchen River;5.to make the law
出处
《水产学杂志》
CAS
1996年第2期1-19,共19页
Chinese Journal of Fisheries
