摘要
本文是对周口店第 15地点石器文化系列研究的第 3部分。对石制品原料种类和各种原料的用途、利用率统计及其分布、可用量和质量分析揭示该地点的原料资源具有高含量和低质量的特点 ,对文化面貌和石器技术的发挥有着重要的制约作用。采用加工长度指数和加工深度指数等手段计算石料的消耗率的结果表明该地点石器在从毛坯到成型工具转换的过程中材料的消耗很少 ,这与原料条件息息相关。该文将若干理论和实验模式引入研究之中 ,以期对石器工业特点的成因和原料利用的经济形态。
The structure of a lithic assemblage and the nature of artifact variability are closely related to several factors,including the availability and quality of raw material, the strategy by which it was procured, the particular activities in which stone tools were made and used, and the role of the sites within a settlement system. This paper presents the results of an analysis of raw material exploitation and their implications for hominid adaptations at Zhoukoudian Loc. 15, an important late Middle and early Upper Pleistocene site in North China. Raw Material Utilized at the Site Six lithic raw material types are recognized at the site, namely vein quartz, igneous materials, rock crystal, flint, sandstone, and quartzite. The overwhelming majority(95 2%) of the artifacts were made on quartz. Among the minority raw material group, igneous rock is most abundant (204 pieces), followed by crystal (81 pieces). Only 30 pieces on flint, 16 pieces on sandstone, and 2 pieces on quartzite were collected. Raw Material Distribution, Availability and Quality Most of the lithic materials exploited at Loc. 15 were available in the landscape close to the site. Longgushan and the larger Xishan where the Zhoukoudian complex is situated, are composed of various rock types, including quartzite, limestone, sandstone, and slates. The weathered outcrops at the hills and the riverbeds of the Zhoukou River provided a ready source for hominids to find and select the stone materials they needed for making their tools. A gravel layer in the Zhoukou River Terrace, the so called “the Lower Gravel”, formed during the Middle Pleistocene, is rich in various kinds of rounded stones and is believed to be one of the principal raw material sources for Zhoukoudian hominids. Nodules of vein quartz, quartzite, igneous rock, and sandstone can be easily encountered in the area; rock crystals have been found in a granite area about 5 km north of the site. A few exotic materials, such as flint and agate, cannot be easily located nearby. Howeve
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第3期186-200,共15页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院百人计划(200404)
中国科学院与国家教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金(990410)
美国NSF,Wenner Gren Foundation,Leakey Foundation也提供了部分资助。
关键词
石器原料
开发方略
旧石器
周口店第15地点
Raw material
Exploitation strategies
Paleolithic
Zhoukoudian Licality 15
