摘要
选取大兴安岭北部3个典型森林小流域设置观测断面,安装Onset HOBO U20-001-04水位记录器实时记录水位变化,利用LS45-2型旋杯式流速仪定期测定流速,研究河川径流特征。研究表明:3个流域径流深大小排序为小北沟(162.60mm)>老沟林场(58.97mm)>圣诞村(34.23mm),径流深与流域内落叶松所占比例密切相关,同时也与流域面积大小相一致。3个流域径流对小雨和中雨的响应不明显,对大雨和暴雨的响应显著。降大雨和暴雨时,圣诞村河和小北沟流量的起涨时间、骤涨时长和增长幅度都十分相近,但小北沟的洪峰径流模数却是圣诞村的10.70倍和13.08倍,说明流域面积是流域产流能力和调节径流能力的重要影响因素。相比之下,老沟河流量骤涨时间最短,暴雨时仅4.5h,流量增长幅度却最大,大雨时洪峰流量与起涨流量之差高达1.97倍,这是由于该流域存在采金迹地,削弱了流域对降雨的拦蓄能力,使得强降雨来临时,洪水的形成过程加快,流量也大幅增加。当降雨量相近时,降雨强度主要影响流量的起涨时间和骤涨时长,而径流量的增长幅度则与降雨历时和土壤、枯枝落叶层的饱和程度密切相关。
In order to study the runoff characteristics, three typical forest watersheds in the north of greater Xing＇an mountains were selected to set observation section. Onset HOBO U20-001-04 water level loggers were installed to record water level in real time, and LS45-2 cup-type current meters were used to measure flow rate regularly. The results showed that the order of runoff depth was Xiaobeigou Basin（162.60 mm） Laogou Forest Farm Basin（58.97 mm） 〉Christmas Village Basin（34.23 mm）. The runoff depth was closely related to the proportion of larch and basin size. The runoff response of light and moderate rain was not obvious, but significant to heavy and torrential rain. The time to start growing, sudden rise time and growth margin of Christmas Village Stream＇s runoff was so similar to Xiaobeigou Stream＇s when it fell heavy and torrential rain. However, the peak runoff modulus of Xiaobeigou Stream was 10.70 times and 13.08 times as Christmas Village Stream. It showed that the basin size was an important factor in influence on the abilities about producing and regulating runoff. In contrast, the sudden rise time of Laogou Stream＇s runoff was the shortest. It was 4.5 h when falling torrential rain. But the growth margin was the largest. The peak runoff was 1.97 times larger than the initial runoff. This was due to the existence of gold mining wasteland in the basin. It weakened the interception and storage capacities when heavy rainfall coming, thereby speeding up the formation of the flood, but also to a significant increase in runoff. When rainfalls were similar, the rainfall intensity mainly affected the time to start growing and the sudden rise time of runoff. The growth margin of the runoff was closely related to the rainfall duration and the saturation of soil and litter layer.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期83-86,103,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31170420)
关键词
大兴安岭
森林小流域
径流特征
greater Xing
an mountains
forest watershed
runoff characteristics
