摘要
在祁连山区，由于冻土的存在，在关注林分结构与土壤含水量关系的同时，还应该关注林分结构与土壤温度的关系，因为土壤温度调节着土壤水的形态（冻土水或消融水）及其植物的生长。为此，选择祁连山较典型的大野口流域，在各支流建立49块典型的青海云杉Picea crassifolia样地进行树高、树冠、胸径、土壤含水量、土壤温度等野外调查；采用特征描述统计、多度分析、相关系数等方法，对林分结构及其土壤水热特征进行分析，结果表明：（1）从水平结构来看，胸径断面和冠幅投影面积与所在陆面面积比值为0.31%和25.58%，从垂直结构来看，树高、冠长分别为1.10 m·m-2和0.71 m·m-2。（2）径级从1-5 cm到26-30 cm、高度级从2-4 m到18-20 m、冠长级从2-4 m到12-14 m、冠幅级从2-4 m到4-6 m，其多度分别为89.4%、94.4%、77.8%和82.7%。（3）从相关系数分析来看，海拔对树高影响较大，对冠长影响较小，与其他因子不相关；坡向对冠幅影响最大，对冠长、树高影响较小；坡度对这些因子几乎没有影响。胸径与树高、冠长、冠幅、树龄均中度正相关；郁闭度或林分密度与土壤含水率低度负相关，胸径和树高与40-60 cm深处的土壤含水率相关性最大，与0-10 cm和10-20 cm的相关性最小；郁闭度、冠长和冠幅对40-60 cm深处的土壤温度相关性最大，胸径和树高与土壤温度负相关。在寒区旱区，林分的水平结构、垂直结构、多度及其海拔、坡度、坡向与土壤含水量和土壤温度存在一定的关系，通过相互关系的探讨，为进一步研究林分结构与土壤水源涵养功能机理提供参考资料，为生态建设中林分结构调整与水源涵养功能的可持续发挥提供科学依据。
Because the existence of frozen soil in Qilian mountains area, and the form of soil water （frozen soil water or melt water） and the growth of plants were adjusted by soil temperature, focusing on the relationship between stand structure and soil moisture content, at the same time, also should pay attention to the relationship between the stand structure and soil temperature. 49 pieces of typical Picea crassifolia sample had been established in Dayekou because that was typical basin in Qilian Mountains, and tree height, diameter at breast height, crown, soil moisture, soil temperature had been investigated. Using characteristics description statistics, abundance analysis, correlation analysis and other methods, had analyzed the stand structure of forest and water and temperature of soil, and the results showed that：（1） From horizontal structure, the area of diameter at breast height and projection area of crown of tree accounts respectively for area of the land of 0.31%and 25.58%;From vertical structure, tree height and crown length are 1.10 m·m-2 and 0.71 m·m-2. （2） The diameter level from 1-5 cm to 26-30 cm, height from 2-4 m to 18-20 m, crown length from 2-4 m to 12-14 m, the crown from 2-4 m to 4-6 m, their abundance were 89.4%, 94.4%, 77.8%and 94.4%respectively. （3）From correlation coefficient analysis, the altitude effect greatly on tree height, little effect on the crown length, and no effect on other factors. Slope aspect affect greatly on the crown, but smaller on crown length and tree height. The slope has little impact on these factors. diameter and abundance, crown length and abundance are accord with cubic polynomial relation, and diameter at breast height and tree height, crown length, crown breadth, old moderate positive correlation, and conform to the linear multivariate regression function. Crown density or stand density is negatively and lowly related to the soil moisture content, and the correlation between diameter at breast height or tree height and soil moisture content fr
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期385-391,共7页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(2012BAC08B01)
国家自然科学基金重大项目(91125012)
关键词
林分结构
土壤含水率
土壤温度
青海云杉
祁连山大野口
stand structure
soil moisture content
soil temperature
Picea crassifolia
Dayekou basin of Qilian Mountains
