摘要
为了从历史角度探究中国科技创新的统计特征,我们建立了一个基于科技创新首创时间和地点的"人类科学和技术历史成就"数据库,然后定量统计了中国及世界其他地区的科学和技术的首创成就,并对各国和地区进行横向比较,有如下主要发现:1)中国历史累计技术创新项目约占世界总量5.8%,比欧美相去甚远,也逊于中东地区,但胜于印度/巴基斯坦地区。2)中国历史科学活动和成就少于人类总累计数1%,显示中国自古以来科学探索活动不活跃。3)中国历史上的技术创新,时间上在春秋战国到宋朝期间较活跃,宋朝之后(1300AD至今),技术创新几乎完全停滞。4)从各地区科技创新的历史横截面统计数据可见,欧洲地区从公元前500年开始科技活动就较活跃,科技成就积累一直超越中国。
To understand the statistical characters of science and technology in the history of China, we have built a comprehensive database of 'Scientifi c and Technological Achievements in Human History', and obtained the statistical data of the achievements of all countries/regions in the world. By comparing the data of China with those of other regions, we have found that: 1) The accumulated technological inventions of China account for 5.8% of the world total, which are much less than those of North America and Europe, and is also inferior to those of the Middle East, although more than those of India/Pakistan. 2) The accumulation of scientifi c achievements over Chinese history is less than 1% of the world total. 3) Technological activities in China have been active from the Warring States Period(800 BC) to the end of the Song dynasty(1300 AD). After that, the technological innovations have fallen into stagnation. 4) As is shown by the cross-sectional statistic data of the technological innovations in different regions, the European area has been active in various scientifi c activities since 500 BC, and its scientifi c and technological achievements have always been outperforming China.
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第3期29-36,126,共8页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
关键词
科技创新
科学史
技术史
中国科技史
Technology innovation
History of science
History of technology
Chinese history of science and technology
