摘要
根据2010年5月（春季）、8月（夏季）、10月（秋季）和12月（冬季）在莱州湾海域（37°12′～ 37°40′N、119°05′～120°00′E）进行的4次虾类资源底拖网调查数据,应用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法对该海域虾类群落结构组成及多样性进行了分析.结果表明：调查海域共捕获虾类13种,隶属于8科12属,其中冬季种类数最多（11种）,其余季节种类数均为8种.优势种组成季节变化比较明显,四季共有优势种为葛氏长臂虾（Palaemon gravieri）1种,其余为季节性优势种;相对资源量及其空间分布的季节变化比较明显,夏季资源量最高,其次为春季和冬季,秋季最低,平均网获质量的变化范围为0.82～3.55 kg＆#183;h-1,平均网获尾数为509～1234 ind＆#183;h-1.春季虾类资源量空间分布比较均匀,夏季、秋季和冬季资源量主要分布在黄河口及其附近海域;虾类种类Margalef丰富度指数（D）的变化范围为0.22 ～0.69,Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数（H′）变化范围为0.30～0.78,Pielou均匀度指数（J）变化范围为026 ～0.46,且多样性指数均以冬春季节较高,夏秋季节较低.多元统计分析表明,冬季莱州湾虾类群落结构可划分为3个组群：莱州湾东南部近岸组群（A族群）、西部近岸组群（C族群）和湾口组群（B族群）.ANOSIM分析表明,冬季3个组群之间差异极显著,两两之间差异亦极显著;各组群典型种与组群间分歧种对群落结构的影响明显;组群的划分与各水域环境关系较为密切.本研究旨在为莱州湾虾类的合理开发与保护及中国明对虾（Fenneropenaeus chinensis）的增殖放流提供科学依据.
Based on four bottom trawl surveys of shrimp resources in Laizhou Bay, May （ spring （summer）, October （autumn） and December （winter）, the community structure and diversity of the area was analyzed by an index of relative importance IRI, ecological diversity indices including ） , August shrimps in Margalef＇ species richness index （D）, Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇） and Pielou＇ s eveness index （J）, multivariate analysis MDX and CLUSTER from SOFTWARE 6 and other methods. Results showed that 13 species of shrimps were identified, belonging to 12 families and 8 genera, with 11 winter species and 8 spring, 8 summer and 8 autumn species. The seasonal changes of dominant species composition were obvious, Palaemon gravieri was dominant for four seasons while others were seasonal dominant species; the seasonal changes of relative shrimp resources and its＇ distribution were also obvious, it was the highest in summer, lowest in autumn and followed by spring and winter. The average catch weight per haul （h） ranged from 0.82 kg · h-1 to 3.55 kg ·h-1, which was the highest in summer and lowest in autumn. The average catch number per haul varied from 509 ind ·h- 1 to 1 234 ind · h- 1, which was the highest in winter and lowest in autumn. The spatial distribution of shrimp resource was even in spring, and mainly in the Yellow River estuary and adjacent waters. The Margalef＇ s species richness index （D） , Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇） and Pielou＇s eveness index （J） was 0.22 -0.69, 0.30 -0.78, 0.26 -0.46 respectively, and these diversity indices all showed relatively high values in winter and spring. Multivariate analysis showed that the community structure of shrimps in Laizhou Bay in winter could be divided into 3 groups： southeast group （group A）, western shore group （group C） and the mouth of the bay group （group B）. ANOSIM analysis indicated that the differences among 3 groups in winter were very significant, and the differences between any
出处
《海洋渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期193-201,共9页
Marine Fisheries
基金
“水生动物营养与饲料‘泰山学者’岗位”(TS200651036)经费资助
