摘要
【目的】采用SWAT模型新开发梯田模块对中国南方红壤区梯田的水沙和养分流失进行模拟,分析SWAT模型梯田模块在中国南方水土流失地区的适用性。【方法】采用SWAT模型中新开发的梯田模块,结合其全球应用验证,在初步对美国软埝验证的基础上,利用资料较全的位于中国南方红壤区的云南尖山河小流域2007-2008年典型径流小区降雨径流、侵蚀产沙和总氮实测资料,对隔坡梯田水沙及面源污染调控过程进行模拟与验证。【结果】SWAT模型梯田模块对红壤区径流、侵蚀产沙及总氮的模拟结果能满足模型精度要求。利用梯田模块对红壤区隔坡梯田结构进行的优化表明,在坡度小于18.58°,梯田单元坡长小于20m的坡地上修建平坡比大于1∶5的单阶地隔坡梯田,可满足容许土壤流失量的要求。【结论】基于SWAT模型开发的梯田模块能够反映中国南方红壤区梯田降雨径流泥沙养分的运移过程,为研究水土保持措施对流域水循环影响提供了新的技术支撑。
[Objective] This study analyzed the simulation feasibility of the newly developed terrace algorithm in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） model in soil and water erosion area of China by simulating the sediment and nutrients runoff in red soil district of South China. [Method] In this study,normal terrace regulation effects were verified using the newly developed process-based terrace algorithm, which has been tested with the runoff and sediment data collected on broad base terraces in the US. The measured data used in this paper ineluded runoff, sediment and total nitrogen data of terrace fields in red soil district of South China from 2007 to 2008. [Result] SWAT model could fulfill the simulation satisfactory criteria in runoff,sediment and total nitrogen modeling. Further application of normal terrace structure optimization using the verified model indicated that the permissible soil loss standard could be met with ratio of slope length of bed segment to the sum of riser and undisturbed segment （RBU） larger than 1 ： 5 on slope less than 18.58% and shorter than 20 m. [Conclusion] The terrace algorithm could simulate the rain- fall runoff, sediment and nutrients transport processes of conservation measures in red soil district of South China. The newly developed terrace algorithm within the SWAT model provides a new tool for studying the watershed scale effects of soil and water conservation measures on water cycle.
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第5期147-156,共10页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD31B05)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07212-002-003-02)
关键词
SWAT模型
水沙运移
养分流失
红壤区
隔坡样田
中国南方
SWAT model
runoff
water and sediment transport
nutrients loss
red soil district
normal terrace
South China
