摘要
目的分析濮阳市农村和城镇居民中乙型病毒性肝炎（乙肝）和丙型病毒肝炎（丙肝）感染状况及感染相关危险因素，为制定预防和控制措施提供指导意见。方法采取分级整群方法抽取1个县2个乡镇，每个乡镇再抽取1个村（社区），根据年龄、性别和城乡调查比例以户为单位随机抽取调查对象，采取问卷调查的方式收集个人资料，同时采集被调查者血液5ml分别检测乙肝和丙肝标志物，调查对象的个案调查表信息和实验室检测结果录入到EpiData3．1数据库，利用SPSS17．0对数据进行统计分析，采用单因素分析判定危险因素。结果共调查收集合格问卷与标本1029例，其中男性509例，女性520例。调查人群中HBsAg阳性率为1．55％，HBeAg为0．19％，抗一HBs为50．73％，抗一HBe为0．87％，抗一HBc为29．25％，抗一I-ICV阳性率为0．29％。以抗一HBc阳性作为既往乙肝感染标志物，抗一HCV为丙肝感染标志物，抗-HBc各年龄组之间阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=7．96，P〈0．05），50岁以上组最高达到51．56％，0～9岁组最低为16．61％；男女之间的差异有统计学意义（χ2=9．84，P〈0．05），服务行业和农民均高于其他职业（P〈0．01）。男性理发店刮胡须、手术诊疗、牙科诊疗、内窥镜检查、输血是乙肝感染主要危险因素（P〈0．05），丙肝感染危险因素是输血或有偿献血。结论调查对象中乙肝与丙肝感染率处于较低水平，避免乙肝和丙肝感染的主要措施是提高人群乙肝疫苗接种率和加强医疗机构、美容美发等行业消毒工作的管理。
[ Objective] To analyze the infection status of virus hepatitis B and hepatitis C among rural and urban residents in Puyang City, as well as related risk factors, provide the guidance for the development of prevention and control measures. [ Methods] By u- sing the stratified cluster sampling, one county and two townships were selected, and one village/community was sampled in each township/county. The subjects （ a household as a unit） were randomly collected based on age, gender, and the proportion of urban and rural survey. The data of general conditions were collected by the questionnaire investigation. Meanwhile, 5 ml of blood were sampled from respondents, to detect the markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The data of case information and results of laborato- ry tests were put into the Epidata3.1 database, and analyzed with SPSS 17.0. The risk factors were determined by univariate analy- sis. [ Results ] A total of 1 029 effective questionnaires and specimens were investigated, including 509 male cases and 520 female cases. The positive rate of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBsAb, HBeAb, HBcAb and anti-HCV was 1.55%, 0. 19%, 50.73%, 0.87%, 29.25% and 0.29%, respectively. The positive HBcAb was regarded as the marker of previous hepatitis B infection, and positive anti-HCV was regarded as the marker of hepatitis C infection. There was significant difference in the positive rate of HBcAb among different age groups （X2 =7.96, P 〈0.05） , while the positive rate in over 50 year-old age group was the highest （51.56%） , and that in 0-9 year-old age group was the lowest （ 16.61% ）. There was significant difference between men and women （ X2 = 9.84, P 〈0.05 ） , and the positive rate in service industry and farmers was higher than that in other occupations （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The main risk factors of hepatitis B infection included shaving in barber shop, surgery, dental treatment, endoscopy and blood transfusion { P 〈 0.05 ）, while the risk factors of hepatitis C infection were blood transfusion and pai
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2014年第8期1078-1080,共3页
Occupation and Health
