摘要
目的通过对重庆市城区小学生视力状况调查，分析近视形成的影响因素。方法横断面调查研究。采用分层整群抽样原则，于2012年5～7月抽取重庆市三个城区小学各一所，对1～6年级1100名小学生进行横断面调查，调查内容包括问卷调查和眼科检查。近视与影响因素的关系采用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型进行分析。结果重庆市城区7～12岁小学生近视患病率为32．91％（362／1100）（95％可信区间：30．13％～35．69％），患病率从7岁的9．84％（18／183）增加到12岁的59．20％（74／125），无论男性还是女性，近视患病率均随年龄增加呈增长趋势（男性：X2=76．457，P=0．000；女性：X2=43．815，P=0．000）。女性近视率33．01％（169／512）高于男性近视率32．82％（193／588），但差异无统计学意义（r=0．004，P=0．948，P〉0．05）。Logistic回归模型显示近视与父母近视、父母的教育程度、近距离阅读、躺着看书、玩小型游戏和是否看电视相关。结论重庆市城区小学生具有较高近视患病率。视力保护应以父母近视和父母教育程度高的小学生为重点人群。通过培养小学生自控能力以纠正不良的阅读行为，将减少玩游戏机的频率，丰富课余生活内容作为预防近视的重点工作。
Objective To survey the visual situation of primary school students in Chongqing city, and to explore the influence factors of myopia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conduct- ed to select 1100 students in primary school in 3 districts of Chongqing with a multistage cluster randomized sampling method. The student was investigated by questionnaires and the myopia was ex- amined. Results The myopia prevalence of the primary school students in Chongqing city was 32.91% （362/1100） （95% CI ： 30.13%-35.69%）. This rate increased from 9.84% （18/183） in 7-year-old to 59.20% （74/125） in 12-year-old. With increasing age, the prevalence of myopia among males and females showed an increasing trend with age （male： X2=76.457, P=0.000; female： X2= 43.815, P =0.000）. The myopia rate of the female 33.01% （169/512） was higher than the male 32.82% （193/588） and this difference did not reach statistical significant （X2=0.004, P =0.948）. Myo- pia was related to parents＇ myopia, parents＇ level of education, short range reading, reading in bed, playing small games and whether watching television. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of myopia in Chongqing city. It is necessary to take comprehensive measures to preserve eyesight, such as, focusing on the students whose parents are shortsighted and highly educated, and building the self-control to correct bad behavior of reading, strengthening the physical exercises, reducing the fre- quency of playing games, enriching their after school life and so on.
出处
《中国实用眼科杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期517-520,共4页
Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology
关键词
小学生
近视
危险因素
Myopia
Risk factor
Primary student
