摘要
自1912年劳厄发现X射线晶体衍射现象,小布拉格开创X射线晶体学以来,已经过去了100年。这一发现,对人类科学的发展,特别是微观结构科学的影响至为巨大,具有里程碑的意义。在这100年中,X射线晶体学发展迅速,成果累累。本文按主要实验技术的特点将100年大致分为四个阶段,从单晶体衍射、多晶体衍射和X射线光谱三个方面简述其主要进展和成果。并简单概括了她对物理学、晶体学、化学和生物学等基础学科和材料、医药、环境等多个应用学科的重大影响。最后,还预期了X射线晶体学领域的一些可能发展,包括无比强大的光源—硬X射线自由电子激光、多维晶体学、电子晶体学、数学晶体学、三维X射线衍射显微学等领域。作者相信,X射线晶体学在过去的一个世纪中已经取得了那么多的成就,在已来临的新世纪中将会获得更大的成绩。
It has been more than one century since Max von Laue discovered the X-ray diffraction by copper sulfate crystal and W. L. Bragg pioneered the X-ray Crystallography. This has been one of the major milestones in the progress of modern sciences, in particular in the sciences and technologies of microstructures. In the past 100 years, the X-ray Crystallography has developed rapidly with significant scientific achievements. In this review article, the history of the X-ray Crystallography is highlighted from four distinct stages for the X-ray crystallographic experimental techniques. In each of the major stages, the developments of the X-ray Crystallography in terms of the sin- gle crystal diffraction, powder diffraction, and X-ray spectroscopy are presented. Furthermore, the profound impacts of the X-ray Crystallography on not only basic sciences such as Physics, Crystallography, Chemistry and Biology, but also applied sciences such as Materials, Medicine, Pharmacology, Environments and so on, are described. The future challenges and opportuni- ties for the X-ray Crystallography, including several scientific frontiers such as the giant X-ray source-hard X-ray free electron laser, multi-dimensional crystallography, electron crystallography, mathematical crystallography, and three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy etc will be dis-cussed. It is believed that as much as has been achieved in the last century, even more will be expected in the next 100 years.
出处
《物理学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期47-117,共71页
Progress In Physics
