摘要
核电厂启动、停运和功率运行期间产生的放射性废液在排放到环境以前,必须进行处理,从而保证液态流出物不会对公众、环境造成不利影响。国内运行核电厂和在建核电厂在设计上都严格遵守相关法律、法规和标准对于液态流出物排放的要求。在满足上述原则的基础上,各个核电厂对于放射性废液处理系统的设计存在一定的差异。通过对CPR1000、WWER-1000和AP1000等三种国内比较有代表性、应用比较广泛的压水堆核电厂废液处理系统进行深入研究,归纳和总结出它们在废液分类、收集方式,废液处理原则,采用的设施、设备和工艺流程等方面的相同点和差异性,从而说明了三种设计各自的优、缺点。结合年度放射性核素排放量、湿废物的产生量和对工作人员的辐照影响等因素进行综合评价,证明了AP1000在废液处理系统设计上的优势。
Liquid radioactive waste generated during startup, shutdown and power operation shall be processed before it can be discharged to ensure that it would not bring adverse impact on the public and environment. Domestic nuclear power plants, either in service or under construction, all abide the legal and regulatory requirements for discharge of effluents strictly. Based on this principle, every plant has its own design of the liquid radioactive waste processing system. CPR1000, WWER-1000 and AP1000 are the most representative where the above system is wildly used nuclear power plants in China. By making an intensive study of the radioactive liquid waste processing systems of them, the similarities and differences about the classification, collection, processing principle, facilities, equipments and process flow can be found, based on which the advantage and disadvantage of three kinds of design are illustrated. By analyzing the annual discharge of radioactive nuclides, the production of wet waste and radiation exposure to the workers, the superiority of AP1000 can be proved.
出处
《中国核电》
2014年第1期86-91,共6页
China Nuclear Power
