摘要
服的本义是迫人做事,服制的内容就是强制摊派劳役和贡纳,并由之形成"人有十等"、"以待百事"式的等级制度。服制具有集团性、稳定性和普遍性。殷和西周内外上下人皆有服,不能将服制窄化为五等爵制和分封制。春秋时期以"初税亩"和"作丘赋"为代表的各项改革在本质上都是用按亩征收实物代替固定劳役和用按乘丘出兵赋代替由族兵承担的卫服。春秋战国经济飞跃的原因不是井田制的垮台,而是服制的瓦解。
The term costume meant forcing others to work and the costume system just involved the forcefully- required corvees and tributes, which resulted in the ＂ten-ranked＂ and ＂service-doing＂ hierarchy. The costume was group-based, stable and universal. All workers in and out of the court of the Yin and the West Zhou Dynasty, ei- ther masters or servants, had their respective costumes, so the system cannot be narrowed down to the five-rank no- ble system or feudalism. In the Spring-autumn times, all social reforms with ＂land taxation＂ and ＂service corvee＂ for example essentially replaced fixed forced labour with taxation by land quantity and guarding costumes carried by the family soldier with taxes for military service. As a result, the economic take-off in the day didnt result from the fall of the nine-square system but the collapse of the costume system.
出处
《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第2期130-136,共7页
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
先秦史
服
等级制度
五等爵制
分封制
history of the pre-Qin China
costume
hierarchy
the five-rank noble system
feudalism
