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洞庭湖区水灾的可持续性防治探讨 被引量:6

SUSTAINABLE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF FLOOD DISASTER IN DONGTING LAKE REGION
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摘要 90年代洞庭湖区大水灾不断,与50年代相比,雨情偏小、水情恶化、灾情放大。从若干基本关系的分析入手,诊断其变化、问题及成因,反思抗洪救灾实践,探讨水灾的可持续性防治对策:第一,要正确处理水沙关系,水沙兼治,治沙为本。为此,要建立长江上游地区和四水流域水土流失综合防治体系;加强和加快四水控制性水利工程体系建设;建立高洪水风险下的土地资源可持续利用模式。第二,要正确处理江湖、湖垸关系,南控北引,湖垸易位。为此,要建设三峡工程,三口建闸,四水建库,联合调度;要开辟荆南分洪道,实行南北分流;有计划地向江汉平原和湖区低洼地区引洪放淤。第三,要正确处理堵疏关系,堵疏结合,以疏为主。为此,要抓紧制定河湖疏浚和河湖整治规划,重点是洪道清淤和河道扫障,同时加固大堤。第四,要正确处理蓄洪与建设的关系,建立“蓄洪特区”,加强安全设施建设。为此,要建立流域性蓄洪坑权威管理机构;及早研究蓄洪与建设中出现的新情况新问题,避免出现毁灭性后果。 Large flood disasters occurred frequently in 90's in Dongting Lake region. They have the following features compared with the large flood disasters occurred in 50' s: less in precipitation, and much more serious in hydrological situation and in disastrous conditions. Began from the analysis of several basic relations, this paper diagnosed these changes and problems and their causes. It introspected the practice of fighting flood and providing disaster relief. It also studied the sustainable prevention and control countermeasures of flood disaster. First, the relation between flood and sand must be handled correctly, with controlling sand being essential. The following measures should be undertaken: Constructing the synthetic prevention and control system of water loss and soil erosion in the upper reaches of Yangtze River and 'four river' basin, strengthening and quickening the construction of hydraulic control engineering at 'four river' basin, constructing the sustainable use and management model of land resource under the high flood risk. Second, the relation between the river and lakes, and between lakes and polders must be handled correctly. Flood is controlled in the south area but led into the north area of the Jing River. The location of lakes and polders is exchanged. Constructing the Three Gorges Project and floodgate at 'three mouth' and reservoir at 'four river', combined dispatching among them, and, opening up the distributary waterway at the south area of the Jing River and distributing to both south and north area are important measures for flood control. Thirdly, the relation between the stopping-up and dredging-away flood must be handled correctly, they should be considered synthetically, but dredging-away of flood is the main process. Making the plan of the dredging and harnessing the river and the lake, sweeping away sand deposit and removing obstacles in the river and also reinforcing the dikes and dams are of important. Last, the relation between flood storage and economic construction must b
作者 毛德华
出处 《长江流域资源与环境》 CAS CSSCI CSCD 2000年第4期510-517,共8页 Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
基金 国家社会科学基金项目!(99BJL032) 湖南省社会科学重点项目!(99071B)
关键词 水灾防治 可持续性 洞庭湖区 prevention and control of flood disaster sustainability, Dongting Lake region
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