摘要
中国稀土储量、产量、出口量均居世界首位,但以资源禀赋为基础的稀土贸易并未给中国带来足够的贸易利益,中国并没有因为供给的垄断地位获得应有的定价权,相反却付出了巨大代价。本文通过核算稀土主要产品出口的全成本和收益,发现出口收益长期以来无法弥补出口全成本,并且中国稀土贸易付出了沉重的环境代价和资源代价。为了改变目前的贸易格局,中国应调整稀土战略,通过源头管制实现资源成本内部化,通过配套环境政策实现环境成本内部化,从而实现贸易利益和成本平衡;通过进出口并重战略避免资源短缺,通过鼓励高附加值稀土产品出口,提高稀土产业的环境贸易条件;通过实施稀土储备战略和加强国际投资合作,促进稀土资源可持续利用。
China ranks first in terms of rare earths reserves, production, and export. However, its huge resource endowment was not turned into economic interests in the global market. China＇s domination on rare earth supply results in great costs, rather than monopoly pricing power. In this paper, we estimate and analyze full costs and benefits of rare earths export. The results show that earnings from rare earths export cannot cover the full cost. Export of low value-added rare earths products resulted in excessive exploitation of resources and serious environmental deterioration. In order to balance the benefits and costs, internalization of resource and environmental costs is crucial. In addition, China should avoid exhaustion of rare earths resources with balanced import and export. Specifically, the country should encourage export of high value-added products and increase its international competitiveness in the rare earth industry. Strategy of rare earth reserve and international cooperation in investment are important policy tools for the sustainable utilization of the resource.
出处
《财贸经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第3期80-90,共11页
Finance & Trade Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金“我国稀土出口价格策略与规制政策”(71241028)
国家自然科学基金“中国进出口商品中环境污染的测度、演化机理及规制研究”(71073007)
国家自然科学基金“全球气候变化背景下污染密集型产业国际转移的利益均衡:模型构建与实证研究”(71273022)
广义虚拟经济研究专项(GX2011-1014(M)):广义虚拟经济视角下国际贸易的逻辑及中美贸易利益研究
关键词
全成本
稀土贸易代价
战略调整
Full Cost, Costs of Rare Earths Trade, Adjustment of Strategies
