摘要
本文对当代西方主流的政治学与公共管理学研究中常用到的"规范研究"的方法进行了简明的介绍。文章从规范研究的基本假设谈起,指出在最基本分析单位应当有内在一致性和应当是理性的假设条件下,规范研究大致可从效用理论和博弈论两个方向来进行,而究竟选取哪一个方向则取决于研究者关注的是单一主体在决策时的不同选择还是多个主体在寻求均衡路径中的互动。文章还探讨了规范研究的隐含假设,并勾勒了一个典型的规范研究的操作框架。文章最后探讨了对于规范研究不同模型的评价原则,及如何构造一个规范研究的模型。
This article is a brief introduction to the methodology of formal theory, which is common in contemporary research in fields like political science, economics, and public administration. We start from discussions of the basic assumptions of formal theory, namely, internal consistency and rationality, and point out that formal theory research can be con- ducted using either utility theory or game theory. The choice of a specific approach depends on whether the research in question focuses on the different options facing the decision--maker in his decision making process, or the interactions between multiple players in pursuit of equilibrium. Furthermore, we discuss the implicit assumptions in formal theory, give a typical operational framework for a formal theory research, and enumerate some criteria for judging the quality of a formal theory model. We conclude by listing the ways to construct a formal theory model.
出处
《中国行政管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第2期74-78,共5页
Chinese Public Administration
关键词
规范研究
模型
效用理论
博弈论
formal theory, model, utility theory, game theory
