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极低出生体重儿住院期间营养状况及发生宫外发育迟缓的危险因素 被引量:7

Nutritional status during hospitalization and risk factors of extrauterine growth retardation in very low birth weight infants: a retrospective study
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摘要 目的 探讨极低出生体重儿(very low birth weight infant,VLBWI)住院期间营养状况和出院时发生宫外发育迟缓(extrauterine growth retardation,EUGR)的危险因素. 方法 本研究为回顾性研究.选取2007年1月10日至2011年10月1日在深圳市宝安妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护病房住院、入院日龄<12 h、住院时间>14d的VLBWI为研究对象.根据是否发生EUGR,将患儿分为EUGR组和非EUGR组.收集患儿围产期情况、住院期间每周营养供给情况、体重变化和新生儿并发症的发生情况,评估住院期间营养状况.采用卡方检验、t检验和多因素Logistic回归分析出院时EUGR的危险因素. 结果 共256例VLBWI纳入本研究,其中小于胎龄儿(small for gestationalage,SGA)61例,占23.8%.EUGR组172例,非EUGR组84例.EUGR组的平均胎龄为(29.3±1.2)周,出生体重为(1 240±170)g;其中严重EUGR占53.5%(92/172).EUGR组生后7d总能量和蛋白质供给及肠内能量所占比例[分别为(84.9±20.9)kcal/(kg·d)、(2.6±0.5)g/(kg·d)和(26.1±15.3),1 kcal=4.184 kJ]均低于非EUGR组[分别为(92.4±20.2) kcal/ (kg·d)、(2.8±0.5) g/(kg·d)和(30.2±l 3.2)%],差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.71,P=0.007; t=-2.19,P=0.030;t=-2.10,P=0.037),且EUGR组恢复到出生体重时肠内能量供给及其后的体重增长和生后14d肠内能量所占比例[分别是(36.4±21.6) kcal/(kg·d)、(15.5±4.1) g/(kg·d)和(44.6±16.6)%]亦明显低于非EUGR组[分别是(44.2±24.1)kcal/(kg·d)、(17.3±3.3)g/(kg·d)和(49.5±14.4)%](t=-2.58,P=0.011;t=-3.61,P=0.000;t=-2.42,P=0.016),但肠外营养持续时间则长于非EUGR组[(39.6±13.8)d与(34.1±8.6)d,t=3.94,P=0.000)].多元Logistic回归显示,SGA、生后7d蛋白质供给量和肠内能量所占比例低及恢复到出生体重后体重增长慢是出院时EUGR发生的主要独立危险因素,其中SGA是EUGR发生的最主要危险因素 Objective To evaluate nutritional status during hospitalization of very low birth weight infant ( VLBWI ) and to analyze the risk factors for extranterine growth retardation ( EUGR ) at discharge. Methods VLBWIs in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) , 〈12 hours after birth on admission and length of hospital stay over 14 days from January 10, 2007 to October 1,2011, were retrospectively studied. Relevant information, including perinatal data, weekly nutrition supplements and weight gain, and neonatal complications were collected. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, t-test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results In all 256 VLBWIs recruited, 61 ( 23.8% ) were small for gestational age at birth. One hundred and seventy-two cases, who were EUGR by weight at discharge, were divided into EUGR group. While the other 84 cases were divided into non-EUGR group. The mean gestational age and mean birth weight of EUGR infants were (29.3±1.2) weeks and (1 240±170) g, amongthem, 53.5% (92/172) were extreme EUGR. Univariate analysis showed that the total energy intake [ ( 84.9±20.9 ) kcal/( kg · d ) ], protein intake [ ( 2.6± 0.5 ) g/ ( kg· d ) ] and proportion of enteral nutrition [ ( 26.1± 15.3 ) %] on day 7 of EUGR infants were lower than those ofnon-EUGR ones [ ( 92.4±20.2 ) kcal/( kg · d ), ( 2.8±0.5 ) g/( kg· d ) and ( 30.2±13.2 ) %, respectively, t=- - 2.71, P=0.007; t= - 2.19, P=0.030; t= - 2.10, P=0.037]. The enteral nutrition at the time to regain birth weight in EUGR group was lower than those in non-EUGR group [ ( 36.4±21.6 ) kcal/ ( kg · d ) vs ( 44.2±24.1 ) kcal/ ( kg · d ) , t=- - 2.58, P=0.011], the average growth rate after regaining birth weight and enteral nutrition proportion on day 14 were lower [ ( 15.5 ±4.1 ) g/( kg ·d ) vs ( 17.3± 3.3 ) g/( kg·d ), ( 44.6± 16.6 ) % vs ( 49.5± 14.4 ) %, respectively; t= - 3.61, P=0.000; t=- - 2.42, P=0.016]. The duration of
出处 《中华围产医学杂志》 CAS 北大核心 2014年第1期23-28,共6页 Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine
关键词 婴儿 极低出生体重 营养状况 肠道营养 胃肠外营养 婴儿 小于胎龄 危险因素 Infant, very low birth weight Nutritional status Enteral nutrition Parenteral nutrition Infant, small for gestational age Risk factors
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