摘要
土司制度曾是中国社会的政治制度,元代创建,明朝完备,清代衰落,20世纪50年代彻底终结。新中国成立后,中国共产党终结了土司制度,具体步骤和措施有三方面。首先,民族区域自治从制度层面否定了土司制度,自治区政府的建政程序抛弃传统的册封授职作法,土司头人虽在人民政府任职但身份变化。其次,共产党在"走上层"、争取团结及任用民族上层时,也积极培养农牧民出身的干部;新型民族干部成长锻炼,替代旧的土司头人,当家做主,实现干部的"民族化"。最后,中国共产党领导"民主改革"运动,通过民主建政、"‘土’离土""枪换肩"等,在基层社会消除了土司制度残存的"土壤"。
As one of the political systems in China, Tusi system founded in Yuan dynasty, completed in Ming dynas- ty, declined in Qing dynasty and ended in 1950s. CCP ended it with three aspects, negated and replaced by Autonomous region system, consolidated both the upper people, and the cadres from lower grassroots families, the movement of demo- cratic reform led by CCP abandoned the survivals of the Tusi system among civilians.
出处
《北方民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
CSSCI
2014年第1期44-54,共11页
Journal of North Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Science)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"川滇藏族地区民主改革研究"(11BDJ001)