摘要
抗生素是一类环境中新型有机污染物，其在地下水系统中的污染状况和环境行为备受关注．本文从污染来源、危害、污染现状、检测技术和迁移转化等方面综述了近年来地下水中抗生素的研究现状。，抗生素主要来源于抗生素生产工业、医疗卫生业、畜牧养殖业、水产养殖业等，进入地下水中的微量抗生素不但诱导抗药性细菌的产生，更对原位微生物及人体产生危害。检测技术的进步是抗生素污染研究的重要支撑，目前已有多种抗生素污染的检测技术，其中酶联免疫技术主要用于抗生素污染初步筛查；气相色谱-质谱技术由于需要衍生化等处理过程而较少使用；毛细管电泳技术具有消耗样品量少、分析成本低等优点，但重现性差使其应用受到限制；液相色谱技术是在抗生素检测中应用较普遍的技术，特别是液相色谱-串联质谱技术具有灵敏度高、检出限低、可检测多组分污染物等优点，应用最为广泛．近年来依托于各种检测技术在国内外均有地下水中抗生素检出的报道，其检出浓度范围1～10^4ng／L不等，检出种类有磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类及大环内酯类抗生素。抗生素在地下水系统中的迁移转化行为包括吸附、水解、光解、生物降解等过程，其基质复杂、含量低和产物难以定性等问题给检测提出了新的挑战，优化检测方法、开发新的预处理技术、开展全面的地下水污染调查、进行代谢产物定性分析、探索抗生素治理技术等，将是今后地下水中抗生素污染研究的主要方向。
Antibiotics as emerging organic pollutants, which do harm to humans and the environment, have aroused widespread attention. The pollution status of antibiotics in groundwater has become a research hotspot. Antibiotics in groundwater mainly derive from the antibiotic production industry, medical and health departments, animal husbandry and aquaculture. The trace-level antibiotics in groundwater increase bacterial resistance, damage human health by reducing immunity, causing abnormal or allergic reaction, carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis. There are various detection techniques for antibiotics in groundwater. For example, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay is usually applied to screen antibiotic contamination. However, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry is rarely used, due to complicated processes. Capillary Chromatography detection technology has the advantages of low sample consumption and low analysis cost, but the poor reproducibility is its weakness. Liquid Chromatography has been widely used, among which Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry is the most commonly used detection technique with high sensitivity, low detection limit and high efficiency. Many studies have reported occurrences of antibiotics in groundwater in many countries. The detected concentrations range from 1 to 104 ng/L, and the detected types are mainly sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones and macrolides antibiotics. Antibiotics in groundwater systems undergo a series of migration and transformation behaviours, such as adsorption, hydrolysis, photolysis and biodegradation. The main research direction for the future, including establishment of perfect detection methods and pretreatment technologies, comprehensive groundwater pollution investigation, analysis of antibiotics metabolites and its toxicity, treatment of antibiotics contamination are also discussed in this paper.
出处
《岩矿测试》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期1-11,共11页
Rock and Mineral Analysis
基金
中国地质大调查项目--有机污染物指标筛选及配套分析技术方法优化(1212011121171)
关键词
地下水
抗生素
检测技术
迁移转化
groundwaters
antibiotics
detection technology
migration and transformation
