摘要
从工艺矿物学角度出发,对石煤的工艺矿物学特性及其与提钒的关系进行了研究与分析,结果表明:石煤含钒较低,通过选矿提高其品位将具有重要意义;石煤是有机碳与无机元素的混合体,浸出前脱碳的方法有焙烧和浮选两种;高碳石煤可先燃烧发电,燃烧灰渣作为提钒的原料;大部分石煤,SiO2是其含量最高的组分,含钒浸出液除硅一般采取静置沉淀法;石煤中的Al2O3主要来自粘土矿物,它会随钒一起溶出而进入浸出液,一般采用明矾结晶法除去;石煤中的钒多是以V3+为主,为了提高浸出率,须将V3+氧化为V4+或V5+;石煤中钒的赋存状态,大部分是类质同相,其次是吸附形式;绝大部分石煤属难浸矿石,要提取其中的钒就必须破坏矿物的晶体结构,破坏方法主要有火法焙烧和湿法直接酸浸两大类,其中,钠化焙烧法已被禁止使用、钙化焙烧法不适于大量生产、空白焙烧由于提钒效率低而应用较少;直接酸浸法是提钒的发展方向,添加氧化剂或助浸剂等对浸出进行强化,是提高钒回收率的重要途径。
From the perspective of process mineralogy, the process mineralogy characteristics of stone coal and its relationship to va- nadium extraction were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the content of vanadium in stone coal was low and it would be significant to improve the grade of vanadium by beneficiation. Stone coal was the mixture of organic carbon and inorganic elements and there were two methods for removing carbon from stone coal before leaching： roasting and flotation; high-carbon stone coal could be combusted for power generation first, and then the combustion ash could be used for vanadium extraction; for most stone coal, the high- est content composition was SiO2, and the static sedimentation method was often applied in desilicating from vanadium-bearing leaching solution ; A1203 in stone coal derived mainly from clay minerals and it could be leached into leaching solution along with vanadium, and alum crystallization was the common method of aluminum removal from vanadium-bearing leaching solution; usually, most vanadium in stone coal existed in the form of V3 ^＋ which had to be oxidized to V4^＋ or V5^＋ in order to increase the leaching rate ; occurrence state of vanadium in stone coal mainly was isomorphism form followed by adsorption form ; most of stone coal belonged to refractory ores, and to extract vanadium from stone coal, minerals lattice structures should be destroyed. Methods of destroying lattice structures were roasting and direct acid leaching, and the sodium roasting was forbidden now, the calcified roasting was not suitable for large scale production, the no-salt-roasting was applied less because of low efficiency of vanadium extraction. And the direct acid leaching became the direction of vanadium extraction at present, and adding oxidant or assistant leaching agent for intensifying leaching was an important way of improving recovery of vanadium.
出处
《稀有金属》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期146-157,共12页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51304090)
国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(2012BAB07B01)
云南省科技厅应用基础研究计划项目(2011FZ062)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2013Y323)资助
关键词
石煤
工艺矿物学
提钒
价态与赋存状态
焙烧
直接酸浸
stone coal
process mineralogy
vanadium extraction
valence and occurrence state
roasting
direct acid leaching
