摘要
［目的］ 观察江苏某县3 岁儿童尿中重金属水平及其与生长发育的关系，为预防重金属对儿童健康的影响提供科学依据。 ［方法］ 选取江苏某县非重金属污染区域3 岁儿童461 名，收集调查当日的随机尿样，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）检测尿中铅、汞、镉水平；测量儿童身高、体重、头围和胸围；使用“Gesell 量表0-3 岁智力发育诊断量表”评估儿童智能发育状况；用SPSS 16.0 软件分析暴露与健康效应之间的关系。 ［结果］ 尿铅、汞及镉的浓度均呈非正态性分布，中位水平及范围分别为2.64 μg/L（0.50-25.77 μg/L）、0.76 μg/L（0.10-9.51 μg/L）及0.21 μg/L（0.02-2.62 μg/L）。 肌酐校正后的尿铅、汞及镉的中位数水平和范围分别为5.80 μg/gCr（0.80-91.51 μg/gCr）、1.86 μg/gCr（0.21-28.55 μg/gCr）及0.47 μg/gCr（0.05-4.61 μg/gCr）。男女儿童身高和体重均高于国家公布的正常值，生长发育状况良好。按尿铅、汞及镉浓度分布的P25、P75 分组，不同铅暴露水平组的儿童体重、身高、动作能、应物能、言语能和应人能不完全相同，差异有统计学意义。不同汞暴露水平组的儿童动作能不完全相同，差异有统计学意义。不同镉暴露水平组的儿童体重、身高、动作能、应物能、言语能和应人能不完全相同，差异有统计学意义。将尿铅、汞及镉均在P25 以下的儿童作为总低暴露组，尿铅、汞及镉均在P75 以上的儿童作为总高暴露组，其他的儿童作为总中等暴露组，发现不同总暴露水平组的儿童体重、身高、头围、动作能和应人能不完全相同，差异具有统计学意义。根据尿铅、尿汞及尿镉浓度的P25、P95 值，将儿童分为极高暴露组和低暴露组，不同尿铅组之间体重和应物能有差别，不同尿镉组之间动作能和应人能有差别。多重线性回归分析提示尿镉的浓度与身高呈负�
[Objective] To examine association between multiple heavy metals exposure and development of three-yearold children and to provide evidence for preventing long-term effects of heavy metals exposure on children＇s health. [Methods]A group of 461 three-year-old children in a county without heavy metal pollution of Jiangsu province were enrolled in the study. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） was used to examine the concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium in spot urine samples. The developmental conditions of the participants were measured by physical examination （body height, body weight, head circumference, and chest circumference） and the Gesell Developmental Scale. SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the association between the exposure and the selected health effects. [Results] The urinary concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium did not fit the normal distribution, and the median levels and the ranges were 2.64 μg/L （0.50-25.77 μg/L）, 0.76 μg/L （0.10-9.51 μg/L）, and 0.21 μg/L （0.02-2.62 μg/L）, respectively. The median levels and the ranges of creatinine-corrected urinary lead, mercury, and cadmium concentrations were 5.80 μg/gCr （0.80-91.51 μg/gCr）, 1.86 μg/gCr （0.21-28.55 μg/gCr）, and 0.47 μg/gCr （0.05-4.61 μg/gCr）, respectively. The height and weight of both the boys and the girls were higher than the national recommended values, reflecting good development condition. Trichotomous subgroups were generated by the P25 and the P75 of concentrations of lead, mercury and cadmium. The body height, weight, motor developmental quotient, adaptive behavior developmental quotient, language developmental quotient, and individual-social behavior were significantly different among the lead trichotomous subgroups.The motor developmental quotient was significantly different among the mercury trichotomous subgroups. The body height, weight, motor developmental quotient, adaptive behavior developmental quotient, language developmental quotient, and individual
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2014年第1期18-24,共7页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
关键词
铅
汞
镉
3岁儿童
生长发育
lead
mercury
cadmium
three-year-old children
development
