摘要
对古代墓葬出土人骨的研究，可以了解古代人群的健康状况，并可以探讨不同生业模式对古代人群健康状况的影响。中原地区是中国古代文化最发达的地区，也是古代人骨出土最多和考古研究最充分的地区。本文对中原地区比较典型的河南舞阳贾湖遗址和河南灵宝西坡墓地出土人骨进行了全面的骨骼健康状况研究。贾湖遗址以渔猎采集为主要经济形态，距今9000—7800年；西坡墓地以农业为主，距今约5000年。骨骼研究显示，贾湖遗址和西坡墓地的两性身高呈逐渐降低的趋势；口腔疾病研究显示，在龋齿、牙周病、齿根脓疡、牙结石、釉质发育不全等疾病的发病率上，西坡墓地的发病率都明显高于贾湖遗址；身体骨骼研究显示，西坡墓地在退行性关节病、骨质疏松症和贫血等的发病率也明显高于贾湖遗址。这些可能暗示了，古代人群的健康状况在从渔猎采集经济向农业经济转变过程中呈逐渐恶化的趋势。但同时，作为健康指标的重要特征，西坡墓地较贾湖遗址的平均寿命有了明显的提高。结合考古学研究成果，我们认为农业经济虽然在一定程度上对古代人群的健康有一定的负面影响，但农业经济的发展，提供了更稳定的食物供应，养活了更多的人口，使得古代遗址规模不断扩大，社会复杂化逐渐深化，也创造了更多的社会财富，为向文明社会的转化奠定了物质基础。因此，农业经济的转变总体上促进了古代人群的健康状况的发展和文明的进步，农业经济对人类的进步做出了巨大贡献。
The study on human skeletons unearthed from ancient tombs, can understand the ancient people＇s health status, and can explore the effects of different economic pattern on the health status of ancient populations. The Central Plains area is the most developed region of ancient Chinese culture, but also the largest number of ancient human bones unearthed and archaeological study fully area. In this paper, we study bones comprehensively from the typical sites of Jiahu in Wuyang City and Xipo in Lingbao City of Central Plains. Jiahu site was dominated by hunting and gathering as the main economic form,dating back 9000 to 7800 years;Xipo cemetery was dominated by agriculture,dating back about 5000 years. Bone studies showed that the height of ancient populations in Jiahu site and Xipo cemetery is in gradually decreasing trend; Study of oral diseases, in the pathogenesis of dental caries, periodontal disease, root abscess, dental calculus, enamel hypoplasia, the incidence of a disease of Xipo cemetery is significantly higher than the Jiahu site;Study of body skeleton,Xipo cemetery in the incidence of degenerative joint disease,osteoporosis and anemia rate was higher than the Jiahu site. These may suggest,the ancient people＇s health status is deteriorating in the transition from hunting and gathering economy to agricultural economy. But at the same time, as an important feature of health indicators, the average life expectancy of the Xipo cemetery is significantly improved than the average life expectancy of Jiahu site. According to archaeological findings,we think that although the agricultural economy has a little negative impact on the ancient people＇s health, but the development of the agricultural economy, providing a more stable supply of food, feed more people, the ancient ruins, continues expanding the scale, social complexity gradually deepen, create more social wealth, has laid a solid material foundation for conversion to civilized society. Therefore, on the whole, the transformation of agricultural eco
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期51-59,共9页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
2011年度国家社科基金重大项目(批准号:11&ZD183)
科技部国家科技支撑计划项目(批准号:2013BAK08B05)
中国社会科学院知识创新工程项目共同资助
关键词
中原地区
健康
古代居民
贾湖遗址
西坡墓地
Central Plains, health status, ancient people, Jiahu site,Xipo cemetery
