摘要
以新鲜牛粪（X）、腐解牛粪（F）、蛴螬处理过的牛粪（Q）为供试材料，采用密闭装置进行室内培养以模拟施肥效应，研究不同处理牛粪与氮肥混配后氨气释放规律，及其影响因子温度、水分、pH对牛粪与尿素混配后氨挥发的影响。结果表明：（1）不同氮肥种类与牛粪配施氨挥发存在差异，添加尿素处理明显高于硫酸铵、氯化铵，且X〉F〉Q。（2）随着温度的升高，牛粪的氨气释放量增加。温度在25～35℃时，各处理氨气累积释放量均大于低温15℃；15℃时牛粪氨气释放规律呈现前期少后期多趋势，25℃和35℃则是呈先增加后降低变化。（3）不同酸碱度条件下，各处理牛粪氨气释放量不同，具体差异表现为：新鲜牛粪氨气累积释放量为pH7〉pH5〉pH9；腐解牛粪为pH5〉pH7〉pH9；蛴螬牛粪为pH9〉pH5〉pH7。（4）当含水量为50％～70％时，各牛粪处理氨气累积释放量均显著高于10％～30％。含水量为50％时，腐解牛粪、蛴螬牛粪处理氨挥发累积量最大；含水量70％时，新鲜牛粪氨挥发最多。
Fresh cattle manure （X）, decomposing manure （F）, grub-treated manure （Q） were used as the tested material, the ammonia emission law of different treatments of cattle manure mixed with nitrogen fer- tilizer was measured with close chamber method for simulating fertilization effect. The flux of ammonia vol- atilization was strongly affected by many factors such as temperature, moisture and pH. The results showed that： （1）Ammonia losses by volatilization of fertilizer types and manure combined application were differ- ences, which urea treatment was significantly higher than ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and X F〉Q. （2）The ammonia emission amount of cattle manure increased with increasing temperature. The cumu- lative emission of ammonia in each treatment at 25℃ ~35 ℃ were greater than at 15℃. The ammonia emis- sion of cattle manure was less at prophase and more in the late at 15 ℃. And it increased at first and then de- creased at 25 ℃and 35 ℃. （3）The ammonia emission of cattle manure was different under the different pH conditions. The cumulative emission of fresh cattle manure was pH7 〉pH5 〉pH9, that of decomposing ma- nure was pH5 〉pH7 〉pH9, that of grub-treated manure was pH9 〉pH5 〉pH7. （4）When the water con- tent reached 50% ~70%, the cumulative emission of ammonia in each manure treatment was significantly higher than 10%~30%. The cumulative ammonia volatilization of decomposing and grub--treated manure was the maximum when the water content reached 50% and the ammonia losses by volatilization in fresh cat- tle manure treatment was the maximum when the water content reached 70 %.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期285-289,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目"东北与黄淮海粮食主产区适应气候变化技术研发与应用"(2013BAC09B01)
国家科技支撑计划项目"松辽平原区农牧结合循环生产技术集成研究与示范项目"(2012BAD14B05
2007BAD89B06)
吉林省科技厅重点科技成果转化项目"高效多功能夹心肥料的示范与推广"(20130309005NY)
关键词
牛粪
氮肥
氨挥发
影响因子
cattle manure
nitrogen fertilizer
ammonia volatilization
impact factor
