摘要
"江南火耕水耨"的"江南",汉代相当于荆、扬二州刺史部,隋唐相当于唐元和方镇中的淮南、宣歙、浙西、浙东四道。火耕水耨的自然、社会环境,首先是"地广人稀",不可能在稻作生产上投入大量劳动;又因有"江湖之利"、"地势饶食",从而也没有必要投入大量劳动。火耕水耨最适宜的地区是濒海傍湖的水泽之地和冲积扇状的河谷盆地,这里水源丰富却有季节性涨落,并非长年积水,秋冬枯涸可以火耕,春夏多水可资水耨。火耕水耨式稻作的本质特征即是在耕耨环节上劳动投入少,却"功浅得深",有相对较高效益。但火耕水耨仍需对水、火尤其是水有一定程度控制,还需有水产捕捞业为其补充毋宁说是保障,这就构成了火耕水耨式稻作的发展瓶颈。
As is recorded in Shiji, ＂burn cultivation and water weeding prevail in Jiangnan＂, the word ＂Jiangnan＂ here equals the administrative region of Jingzhou and Yangzhou in Han dynasty and provinces of Huainan, Xuanshe, Zhexi and Zhedong in Yuanhe era of Tang dynasty. As a mode of agricultural production, ＂Burn Cultivation and Water Weeding＂ based on specific natural and social environments. On the one hand, due to the vast territory with a sparse population, labor forces invested to rice production was insufficient; on the other hand, thanks to the traffic network in water areas and abundant natural resources, large amount of labor force was not indispensable. The most suitable areas for ＂Burn Cultivation and Water Weeding＂ were water areas and alluvial fan basin valleys, where water was abundant and regulated by seasonal change of rivers. In autumn and winter, the dry seasons, people cultivated by fire; in spring and summer, the flood seasons, people were able to weed by water. The essential character of ＂Burn Cultivation and Water Weeding＂ lay in earning best benefits with less investments of labor forces, but it also required an appropriate regulation of water and fire. Besides, as a compensation, fishing was also necessary. All these factors became constraints to the development of this production mode.
出处
《中国农史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第6期37-45,共9页
Agricultural History of China
关键词
江南
火耕水耨
自然社会环境
本质特征
Jiangnan
Burn Cuhivation and Water Weeding
natural and social environments
essentialcharacter
