摘要
连年旋耕导致犁底层上移、耕层变浅、水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)降低,严重制约作物丰收增产,尤其进一步激化缺水地区的农业用水供需矛盾。合理的土壤耕作是有效的解决途径,为此在黄淮海北部引入了粉垄这种新型深土耕作措施。以旋耕和深松为对照,设置了粉垄30 cm、粉垄50 cm、粉垄30 cm+地膜、粉垄50 cm+地膜、粉垄30 cm裸地、粉垄50 cm裸地等共8个处理,探讨不同耕作措施对土壤水分变化过程及WUE的影响。基于土壤湿度等值线图、土壤贮水消耗和WUE的分析可知,(1)与旋耕和深松相比,粉垄耕作后的耕层疏松深厚、土壤调蓄水分能力增强、总耗水量降低、WUE提高,其中粉垄各处理的总耗水量比旋耕和深松分别减少了12.2%—16.4%、10.2%—14.5%,产量WUE则分别提高了28.3%—50.6%、19.1%—39.7%;(2)粉垄的作业深度越深越利于降雨入渗和土壤水分调蓄,但总耗水量有所增加,WUE略有下降,其中总耗水量增加了5.0%,小喇叭口期和灌浆中期的叶片WUE分别下降1.6%和1.0%,产量WUE降低2.1%;(3)粉垄后覆膜克服了表土跑墒的缺点,减少了耗水量,进一步提高了土壤调蓄水分的能力和WUE,且作业深度越深,WUE提升越多,其中粉垄30 cm+地膜、粉垄50cm+地膜的产量WUE分别比粉垄30 cm、粉垄50 cm提高了8.5%和17.3%,粉垄50 cm+地膜的小喇叭口期和灌浆中期的叶片WUE以及产量WUE分别比粉垄30 cm+地膜提高了8.3%、7.4%和5.9%。研究结果表明,这种新型耕作措施为打破犁底层、解决耕层变浅、提高水分利用效率提供了一种新的可行方法。
Annual rotary tillage often soil fertility and crop yield due to the can create a compacted plough pan in shallow soil layers, and result in the decrease of reduction of water storage and nutrient supply. Meanwhile, the decreased water use efficiency has worsened the imbalance between supply and demand of agricultural water, especially in water shortage regions. In order to minimize such negative effects caused by annual rotary tillage, a new deep soil tillage method called deep vertically rotary tillage with use of vertically corkscrew aiguilles was implemented to test its role in improving soil water movement and water use efficiency in northern China＇s Huang-huai-hai region. Eight treatments including deep vertically rotary tillage to 30 cm （ treatment Ⅰ ）, deep vertically rotary tillage to 50 cm （ treatment Ⅱ ）, deep vertically rotary tillage to 30 cm with plastic film mulching （treatment Ⅲ ）, deep vertically rotary tillage to 50 cm with plastic film mulching （ treatment Ⅳ ）, deep vertically rotary tillage to 30 cm with no-cultivation （treatment Ⅴ ） and deep vertically rotary tillageto 50 cm with no-cultivation （treatment Ⅵ） were conducted, while rotary tillage （treatment Ⅶ ） and subsoiling （treatmentⅧ） were used as experimental control. Based on the analysis of soil moisture contour mapping, soil water consumption and water use efficiency among different treatments, several main results were found. （1） Compared with rotary tillage and subsoiling, cultivated soil layers by deep vertically rotary tillage became looser and deeper. Therefore, rain-water infiltration and soil water up-and-down transferring capacity under deep vertically rotary tillage were improved, which resulted in the reduction of total crop water consumption and promotion of water use efficiency. For instance, the total crop water consumption of treatment Ⅰ--Ⅳ decreased by 12.2%--16.4% and 10.2%--14.5% with respect to that of rotary tillage and subsoiling, respectively. Furthermore, t
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第23期7478-7486,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201103001)
关键词
黄淮海北部
粉垄耕作
土壤湿度等值线图
土壤水分变化过程
水分利用效率
north huang-huai-hai region
deep vertically rotary tillage
soil moisture contour map
soil moisturedynamics
water use efficiency
