摘要
在涪陵区选取30个茎瘤芥种植农户,采用大田调查和室内化学分析方法,研究了茎瘤芥不同生长期(苗期、快速膨大期、采收期)叶片和茎瘤10种必需营养元素含量的变化特征及其与产量的关系。结果表明:茎瘤芥在整个生育期内,除K、S含量较高外,其余大、微量元素均在大多植物含量范围内;不同生育期茎瘤芥叶片、茎瘤中各养分含量变化具有明显的规律性,苗期叶片大量元素含量次序为N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg,快速膨大期和采收期叶片大量元素含量次序均为N>K>Ca>S>P>Mg,茎瘤中大量元素含量次序均为K>N>P>S>Ca>Mg,3个生长期叶片和茎瘤的微量元素含量,除快速膨大期茎瘤中略有不同(Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu)外,其余均为Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu;从苗期到快速膨大期再到采收期养分变化规律看,叶片中N、P、K、Fe、Cu和Zn含量呈降低趋势,而Ca、Mg、S和Mn则呈现先降低后升高的趋势,从快速膨大期到采收期茎瘤中除N、S、Fe和Cu元素呈降低趋势外,其余养分元素均呈上升趋势。从茎瘤芥不同器官养分含量高低看,快速膨大期和采收期叶片中N、P、K、Cu和Zn含量较茎瘤中低,而Ca、Fe和Mn含量的变化特点则相反,S和Mg差异较小,表明茎瘤芥不同部位对不同养分的敏感程度各异。相关分析表明,各生育期不同器官的Mg、Fe、Mn和Zn与产量呈显著或极显著的负相关关系,K、Cu与产量呈正的相关关系。通过逐步回归分析建立茎瘤芥各生育期植株营养元素与产量的回归预测模型,其中苗期叶片营养元素与产量的最优回归方程为Y=36768+3583X K-6.328X Fe-76.09X Mn;快速膨大期叶片和茎瘤营养元素与产量的最优回归方程分别为Y=50458+21557X P+7925X Ca-88092X Mg-1145X Cu和Y=32487+7294X K-116122X Mg;采收期叶片和茎瘤营养元素与产量的最优回归方程分别为Y=36064+3413X K-30.15X Fe和Y=11791+7334X K-385X Zn。因此,在茎瘤芥各生长期均应注意钾肥的合理施用,快速膨大期应重视
The status of plant nutrient characteristic plays a vital role in yields. Therefore, 30 tumorous stem mustard farmers in Fuling district, Chongqing City, China, were selected in our present study, the variation characteristics of 10 necessary nutrients contents in leaves and stems of tumorous stem mustard in different growth stage （ such as seedling, rapid expanding laboratory and harvest stage ） were determined and also their relationship to the yields was set up by field survey and analysis. The results indicated that the contents of potassium （K） and sulfur （S） were both high during thewhole growth periods. However, the other macroelements and microelements contents were fit to the normal plants; and also, the changes of nutrient content in leaves and stems were varied by the different growth stages, in generally, the contents in leaves at seeding stage was in the orders of nitrogen （N）〉potassium （K） 〉calcium （Ca） 〉phosphate （P） 〉 sulfur （S） 〉magnesium （Mg） ; macroelements content in the leaves at rapid expanding stage and harvest time were in the seriers of N〉K〉Ca〉S〉P〉Mg. While in stems were followed by the order： K〉N〉P〉S〉Ca〉Mg; Except rapid expanding stage （ ferrum （Fe） 〉zinc （Zn） 〉 the order of Fe 〉Mn 〉Zn 〉Cu. Th harvest time, while the contents of manganese （Mg） 〉copper （Cu）） , leaves and stems in all three growth periods were in e contents of N, P, K, Fe, Cu and Zn in the leaves decreased from seedling stage to Ca, Mg, S and Mn decreased firstly, and then increased from seedling stage to harvest time,. From rapid expanding stage to harvest time, the contents of N, S, Fe and Cu showed a decreasing tendency, while other elements were the increasing tendency. In addition, the nutrient contents in different organs were also observed, the contents of N, P, K, Cu and Zn in leaves at rapid expanding stage and harvest time were lower than that of the stem nodule. But the contents of Ca, Fe and Mn showed the adverse
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第23期7364-7372,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2012ZX07104-003)
关键词
茎瘤芥
生长期
营养特性
产量
tumorous stem mustard
different growth stage
nutrient characteristics
yield
