摘要
"余粮收集制"译自俄文术语"продразверстка"。这是一个错误的译名,正确译法应为"粮食摊派制"。其真正内涵不是征收农民的全部或部分余粮,而是中央政权将粮食需求在各省、县、乡、村之间进行了分摊。作者从逻辑和语义两个角度证明了"余粮收集制"译名的错误,并推测错译的原因是中国译者被列宁本人对该术语的权威解释误导了。因"余粮收集制"译名具有强大惯性和巨大影响力,国内学界除一直纠结于是否征收的是余粮外,还对苏俄粮食政策的发展阶段及军事共产主义的理解等方面有不少误读:如认为军事共产主义粮食政策只有余粮收集制一个阶段;余粮收集制是军事共产主义的核心和基础等。这是苏联史研究领域需要正本清源的一个重要概念。
The Chinese term ＂Yuhang shoujizhi＂ is wrongly translated from russian phrase ＂продраэверстка＂, which should be correctly translated as ＂Liangshi tanpaizhi＂. The true connotation is not to impose all or part of farmers＇ surplus grain, but to distribute the food demand of the Central Government among provinces, counties, townships and villages. This article analyzes the 9 versions of this russian phrase in Chinese translation of The Collected Works of Lenin, proves from logic and semantic aspects that the translated term ＂Yuliang shoujizhi＂ is wrong. The reason of mistranslation is that the Chinese translator was misled by the authoritative interpretation of this term, given by Lenin. The translated term ＂Yuliang shoujizhi＂ has such strong inertia and huge influnce that there are a lot of misunderstandings of Soviet Russia＇s food policies in Chinese academic circles. This is an important concept in Soviet history research field, which need making order out of confusion.
出处
《历史教学（下半月）》
CSSCI
2013年第12期44-54,共11页
History Teaching
关键词
苏俄
余粮收集制
译名
军事共产主义
Soviet Russia, Prodrazverstka, Translated Term, War Communism
