摘要
针对耕地资源利用集约程度提高所产生的环境代价,本文以湖北省武汉市为例,在分析和调查耕地资源利用所产生的环境影响的基础上,依据资源环境经济学的相关理论,采用有效成本法、市场价值法、人力资本法、预防性支出法和条件价值评估法等相关理论与评估技术构建了核算模型,对耕地资源利用的环境成本进行了分析和评价。结果表明:在武汉市利用耕地资源进行农业生产的过程中,由于化肥、农药和塑料薄膜的使用,会产生诸如水体富营养化、生活用水污染、生物多样性及人群健康损失、环境美观程度下降等环境成本;经核算,2011年该市由于大量使用化肥、农药和塑料薄膜而导致的环境成本分别为4 265.47万元、2 529.87万元和1 150.65万元,总环境成本为7 960.26万元,相当于其当年种植业产值的2.73%,如果以耕地面积计算,则相当于每公顷耕地用于农业生产所产生的环境成本为384.76元。应综合运用补贴、提高耕地资源利用者综合素质等方式控制和降低耕地资源利用过程中对生态环境造成的损害。
For the environmental costs arising in the elevation of the arable land use intensity,this study takes Wuhan City as an example to analyze and investigate the environmental impacts in the process of arable land utihzation,and builds assessment models according to the resources and environment theories and the assessment techniques such as cost-effective method,market value method,the human capital approach,preventive expenditure approach and the contingent valuation method.The results show that in the process of arable land utilization in Wuhan,the environmental costs such as eutrophication,living water pollution,biodiversity and human health loss,environment aesthetic level decline are produced due to the usage of chemical fertilizers,pesticides and plastic membrane.The environmental costs due to the extensive use of fertilizers,pesticides and plastic film were 4 265.47 × 104 RMB,2 529.87 × 104 RMB,1 150.65 × 104 RMB respectively,and the total environmental cost is 7 945.99 × 104 RMB,which is equivalent to 2.73% of the whole year output of farming.It means that the environmental cost is 384.76 RMB per ha land used for agricultural production.Therefore,comprehensive methods such as sending subsidy and improving the quality of arable land users should be used to control and reduce the ecological damage caused by the use of arable land resources.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第12期76-83,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
教育部人文社科青年项目"不确定与不可逆条件下农地城市流转的外溢效应测度及决策问题研究"(编号:10YJC790218)
中南财经政法大学基本科研业务费青年教师项目"快速城市化进程中的农地产权稳定性及其影响研究"(编号:2722013JC053)
关键词
耕地利用
环境成本
评价
武汉市
arable land utilization
environmental costs
assessment
Wuhan City
