摘要
灵芝是最重要的药用真菌之一,在我国已有2,000多年的记载和利用历史。虽然早在一百多年前法国真菌学家Patouillard就有给中国的灵芝冠上Ganoderma lucidum这一学名,并沿用至今,但随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,人们认识到过去外国人的定名并不正确。实际上,G.lucidum是1871年由William Curtis根据采自英国的标本描述的新物种。最近的研究表明,我国广泛分布和栽培的灵芝与产于欧洲的G.lucidum不同,是一个独立的种,其合法的拉丁学名应为G.lingzhi。鉴于"灵芝"这一名称在中国已使用2,000余年,故建议"G.lingzhi"的汉语学名为"灵芝"(俗称赤芝),而灵芝属的模式种G.lucidum的汉语学名改为"亮盖灵芝"(俗称白肉灵芝或白灵芝)。灵芝Ganoderma lingzhi广泛分布于东亚暖温带和亚热带,其主要形态特征是孔口表面新鲜时浅黄色至硫磺色、成熟时菌肉中有黑褐色区带、管口壁厚度为80–120μm。亮盖灵芝G.lucidum主要分布于欧洲和亚洲,在我国分布于东北、华北、华中和西南海拔较高地区,其孔口表面新鲜时白色至奶油色、成熟时菌肉中无黑褐色区带、管口壁厚度为40–80μm。四川灵芝G.sichuanense尽管其担孢子与灵芝G.lingzhi相似,但基于其模式标本ITS序列的系统发育研究表明,该种与灵芝不同,是个独立的种,且在广东也有发现。
＂Lingzhi＂ is one of the most important medicinal fungi, and it has been renowned and utilized in China for more than 2,000 years. Ganoderma lucidum was originally described for Britain specimens by William Curtis as Boletus lucidus in 1871. Patouillard first reported Ganoderma lucidum from China in 1907. Thereafter this scientific name （binomial name） has been used for the Chinese medicinal ＂Lingzhi＂ for more than 100 years. However, the recent taxonomical studies indicated the Chinese ＂Lingzhi＂ is different from G. lucidum in both phylogeny and morphology. The Chinese ＂Lingzhi＂ is an independent species, and its valid scientific name is G. lingzhi rather than G. lucidum. Ganoderma lingzhi has a wide distribution in warm temperate and subtropical East Asia, and it differs from G. lucidum by its pale yellow to sulphur yellow pore surface when fresh, the presence of melanoid bands in the context and thick dissepiments （80-120txm） at maturity, while G. lucidum has a distribution mostly in Europe, but also in northeast, northern, central and highland of southwest China, and it lacks melanoid bands in the context, and has a white to cream pore surface and thin dissepiments （40-80tim）. Ganoderma sichuanense was originally described from Panzhihua of Sichuan Province, China. Based on the ITS sequence of its holotype, it differs from G. lingzhi in phylogeny. In addition, it was also recently found in Guangdong Province, China.
出处
《菌物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期947-952,共6页
Mycosystema
基金
中国科学院百人计划
关键词
药用真菌
灵芝学名
命名法规
medicinal fungi, Ganoderma lingzhi, nomenclature
