摘要
考古工作的开展,让许多周代遗址的性质得到彰显,特别是关中地区,不仅确认了周公庙、段家河、孔头沟等大量西周采邑类居址,同时也揭示了此类聚落形制及其面貌特征。这些采邑与周原、丰镐遗址为代表的西周都邑的分布状况,让我们了解到周王朝是以封赐采邑的形式掌控千里王畿。西周采邑存在的分级现象,反映了当时应有相应的层级管理。更可贵的是齐、晋等西周诸侯国内采邑的确认,表明王畿以外边远地区也有类似的管控模式。西周王朝实行畿内采邑、畿外诸侯,上下分级的管理形式,一定程度上类似于后世地方性的社会基层组织。正是有了这样一套较完备的社会结构建立,周天子的礼仪政令赖以有效传递,周王朝的国家机器得以正常运行。
Recently, the proceeding of archaeological works has unfold the natures of many Western Zhou sites. Most importantly, the works at the Zhougongmiao, Duanjiahe, and Kongtouguo sites in the Guanzhong basin have not only confirmed the nature ofyi settlement of these settlements but also yielded significant information regarding their settlement patterns and cultural characteristics. /n juxtapose with the distribution pattern of capital cities like Zhouyuan and Fenghao, these settlements illustrate a pattern that the control of the far-fetching wangji （royal domain） was achieved by allocating con- quered fiefs to members in Western Zhou period. Besides, theseM＂ settlements are hierarchically differentiated, and demon- strates a hierarchical management system might have existed to cope with this administrative need. The discovery of y/＂ settle- ments in the Qi and Jin stats also shows a similar bureaucratic management system did exist internally in peripheries outside the royal domain. Thus, the entire Western Zhou Dynasty could be divided into two parts： lands inside the royal domain that were allocated as ）7＇ settlement, and lands in peripheries outside the royal domain that were enfeoffed to marquises. These settlements were managed by a bureaucratic system which is similar to the regional basic-level social organization in later times. Because of the founding of such comprehensive social structure, the operation of state machine was efficiently main- tained and, thus, official commends could be distributed throughout all territories effectively.
出处
《考古与文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第5期53-62,共10页
Archaeology and Cultural Relics
关键词
西周采邑
都邑
社会结构
考古学观察
Western Zhou Yi （enfeoff） Capital cities Social structure Archaeological analyses
