摘要
为了探究郑州—洛阳地区史前人类聚落遗址空间分布规律,在GIS支持下,主要使用高程分析、坡度坡向分析和缓冲区分析等空间数据分析方法,分别获取4个史前文化时期聚落遗址分布与高程、坡度、坡向、离水距离4种环境因子的关系。在此基础上构造适宜性指数评价系统,建立聚落遗址指数模型,将模型结果与遗址具体分布情况进行比较,阐述遗址分布的特征和原因,并据此解读史前人地关系演变。研究结果表明:①史前人类遗址选址对上述4因子具有强烈的选择倾向:地势较低的地区更有利于人类生活、交通和农作物种植;坡度较小的平原地带受地表径流势能作用相对较小,有利于建造房屋和抵御自然灾害;阳坡(朝南)不仅可在一定程度上抵挡风寒,也适宜植被和作物生长,有利于人类获得更多的生产、生活资料;而河流湖泊则可为人类提供充足的水源。②在4个史前文化时期中,裴李岗时期的人类生存能力较弱,对环境依赖性较强,为谋求生存,必须尽可能占据环境最优区域;在仰韶前期和仰韶后期,人类适应和改造自然的能力逐步提高,不仅能够选择条件较优的居住点,还开始扩展新的生存领域;龙山时期人类按自由意志活动的能力进一步增强,体现在遗址数量大幅增长,并开始出现社会分化现象,部分人群凭借某种特权得以优先占据条件最好的区域。
To study the distribution mechanism of prehistoric human settlements in Zhengzhou-Luoyang region, the relationships between the settlements distribution and the four environmental factors including elevation, slope, aspect and distance from water are analyzed with the support of GIS. On that basis, in the form of a graph of the region showing different suitability levels, a suitability index evaluation system is constructed and the settlement index model is established. The results of the model are then compared to the specific circumstances of the site distribution to explain the characteristics of, and possible reasons for, the settlements distribution. This approach enables the research based on documents and archaeological survey to reach more rational conclusions, and has great value for the interpretation of man-land relationship. The results show that： （1） Prehistoric settlement site selection was strongly influenced by the four environmental factors mentioned above. Low plain area was more convenient for prehistoric human to live, commute and plant crops. Most sites lied in the almost fiat areas for minimum impact caused by the potential energy of the surface runoff, and it also helped build houses and resist natural disasters. Living at places facing the south not only kept out the wind but also promoted vegetation, growing crops and other farm produce. Water resources were made possible by living near lakes and rivers. （2） In Peiligang Period, the survival skills of humans had yet to be developed. They were heavily dependent upon the surroundings. They had to occupy the most suitable areas as much as possible to live on the abun- dant natural resources. In the Early Yangshao Period, based on the fact that the number of people living in the most suitable places decreased, humans had become adapted to nature and started to explore it. Not only they found out ways to locate the best places for living, but also they began to expand their living environment, suggesting that humans had advanced in t
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第10期1454-1462,共9页
Progress in Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41071253
41271410)
关键词
空间分析
指数模型
史前聚落遗址
郑州—洛阳
spatial analysis
index model
prehistoric settlement sites
Zhengzhou-Luoyang Region
