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2009/2010年冬季中国气温异常及其对海表温度的遥响应 被引量:8

Winter 2009/2010 Temperature Anomaly in China and Its Remote Response to Sea Surface Temperature
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摘要 基于1958/1959~2009/2010年冬季全球海表温度(HadISST)和中国160站地面月平均温度等资料,利用广义平衡反馈分析方法(GEFA),分析了中国地区2009/2010年冬季气温异常型态与SST异常的关系。结果表明,热带中东太平洋El Ni o型和热带大西洋"三极型"对2009/2010年冬季中国地区西南暖东北冷的异常型态(简称LN型)影响显著。为了验证统计结果的可靠性,利用MPI(Max Planck Institute for Meteorology)全球大气环流模式ECHAM5进行气温异常型态对关键海盆SST变化响应的敏感性试验,结果表明西南地区气温异常对热带太平洋El Ni o模态强迫的增暖响应在0.5°C左右;对热带大西洋"三极型"强迫的增暖响应在0.6°C左右,增暖中心的云贵高原一带最大增温幅度达到1°C。对El Ni o模态、热带大西洋"三极型"的强迫,东北绝大部分地区表现出冷的响应,气温异常下降分别在0.6°C和0.45°C左右,中国东部地区气温异常型态是热带大西洋"三极型"海温异常和热带太平洋El Ni o模共同强迫的结果。这两种海温异常型态使中高纬度地区西风加强,阻挡了来至高纬度地区的冷空气向南方输送,导致西南地区较常年偏暖,而东北偏冷。同时,西太平洋地区出现的海平面气压反气旋式环流异常可能削弱了东亚冬季风。 On the basis of 1958/1959-2009/2010 winter global sea surface temperature (HadISST) and the stations data from the 160 Chinese stations, etc., the relationships between temperature anomalies in China during the winter of 2009/2010 and SST anomalies are analyzed by the general equilibrium feedback method developed recently. The results show that the tropical eastern Pacific E1 Nino and tropical Atlantic "three-pole" pattern significantly affect the anomaly pattern of temperature, with warmer temperatures in southwestern China and colder temperatures in northeastern China (the LN pattern) during the winter of 2009/2010. To verify the reliability of the statistical results, several model sensitivity experiments with the MPI (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology) global atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5 were conducted by varying the SST in key basins. The results show that the temperature in southwestern China warms by about 0.5 ~C and 0.6 ~C in response to the tropical Pacific E1 Nifio event and the tropical Atlantic three-pole SST anomaly pattern, respectively. Furthermore, the largest amplitude in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is as high as 1 ~C in response to the three-pole pattern. Forced by the modes of E1 Nifio and the three-pole pattern, most areas of northeastern China show a negative anomalous response, and the temperature variation is about -0.6 ℃ and -0.45 ℃, respectively. Both the three-pole SST anomaly and the E1 Nifio event produce an anomalous temperature pattern in eastem China. Together, these two types of SST anomalous patterns strengthened the westerly winds at high latitudes, blocking high-latitude cold air transmission to the south and leading to warming in southwest China and cooling in Northeast China. Simultaneously, the anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly over the western Pacific at sea level may weaken the East Asian winter monsoon.
出处 《气候与环境研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2013年第5期626-638,共13页 Climatic and Environmental Research
基金 公益性行业(气象)科研专项GYHY200906016 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目2012CB955903 江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目
关键词 冬季气温异常 广义平衡反馈分析方法(GEFA) ECHAM5模式 SST 遥响应 Winter temperature anomaly, GEFA, ECHAM5 model, SST, Remote response
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