摘要
随着中国能源消耗和国际贸易的快速增长,中国国际贸易尤其是中美贸易对气候变化的影响受到了广泛关注,但国际贸易对于大气污染的影响却鲜见系统研究.基于环境投入产出法和结构分解分析法,采用基于技术的、自下而上的大气污染物排放清单,探讨了中美贸易隐含的大气污染物排放问题.结果表明:由于中国对美国出口贸易顺差较大且商品污染物排放强度较高,造成了中国对美国的出口贸易隐含着较大的污染物排放逆差.2007年中国对美国出口贸易隐含的SO2、NOx和PM2.5的排放逆差分别为174.26×104、131.15×104和46.88×104t.有行业针对性的污染物减排措施可以降低中美贸易隐含的污染物排放量;1997—2007年污染物燃烧排放因子和非燃烧直接排放强度的下降就可使出口贸易隐含的SO2和PM2.5排放量降低96.41%和226.26%.占出口份额最高的机械类制造品的SO2、NOx和PM2.5排放强度分别为72.63、58.38和20.74 t/108元,低于所有出口商品的污染物排放强度的平均值,中国应加强这种高附加值、低污染物排放的商品出口.
Export-based domestic energy use and related CO2emissions in China have been widely argued in the scientific publications. About 20% of domestic China＇＇s CO2emissions are caused by international exports, and such a large amount of emissions plays an influential role in the policy making of the international climate. Meanwhile, China＇＇s international trade also has a significant impact on other air pollutants besides CO2. However, there was no comprehensive study about this important issue. The high levels of air pollutants caused by China＇＇s production intense domestic industry have a severe impact on human health as well as on ecosystems and biosphere. This is important to understand their drivers. Based on Environmental Extended Input-output Analysis （EEIO） and Structural Decomposition Analysis （SDA）, as well as an updated bottom-up emission inventory of China, air pollutant emissions embodied in trade between China and the USA were estimated. Results showed that, in 2007, SO2, NOx and PM2.5 embodied in China＇＇s exports to the USA were 178.46×104,7.22×104and 47.15×104t, respectively, while those embodied in China＇＇s imports from the USA were only 4.20×104,6.07×104and 0.27×104t, respectively. China had an emission deficit, and this is mainly because of its huge trade surplus and higher emission intensity. From 1997to 2007, SO2, NOx and PM2.5 embodied in export from China to the USA grew by 159%, 244% and 94% respectively. Trade quantity scale-up accounted for most of the emission growth, although energy use was also improved. Besides, Owing to the sector-specific pollution control technologies. Owing to the pollution control technology of power plant and cement industry, SO2and PM2.5 embodied in China＇＇s export to the USA decreased by 96.41% and 226.26% from 1997to 2007respectively, when other driving forces remained constant. In 2007, emission intensities of manufactured goods, the main export from China to the USA, were 72.63t108yuan for SO2,8.38t108yuan for NOx, and
出处
《环境科学研究》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第9期1022-1028,共7页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金委员会创新群体项目(2122100)
清华大学自主科研计划项目(20111081115)
关键词
投入产出法
结构分解分析法
大气污染
国际贸易
input-output analysis
structural decomposition analysis
air pollution
international trade
