摘要
为开发喀斯特山地柑橘抗旱节水栽培技术,以12年生纽荷尔脐橙（Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv Newhall navel orange）为材料,研究了洞穴灌溉、地面灌溉和不灌溉（对照）对脐橙新梢生长、叶片营养元素含量和果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明：洞穴灌溉和地面灌溉的脐橙萌芽期比对照提早30 d以上,春梢抽生期和开花期比地面灌溉的提早3~7 d,比对照提早30 d左右。在相同灌溉量下,2种灌溉方式都对脐橙的新梢生长产生明显促进作用,但洞穴灌溉的春梢抽生数量、长度、直径和春梢叶片数及单叶面积最大,促进春梢生长的作用比地面灌溉更明显。洞穴灌溉和地面灌溉的脐橙叶片的叶龄分别达到26个月和25个月,老叶分别在每年的3月下旬至4月中旬和3月上旬至3月下旬脱落,洞穴灌溉对保持叶片健康和延长叶片寿命的作用最好。对照的叶片寿命最短,在每年的12月中旬至下旬老叶就全部脱落,叶龄仅有20个月。洞穴灌溉的果实在正常时期成熟,地面灌溉的果实着色始期和成熟期比洞穴灌溉大约提前了7~10 d,而对照分别比洞穴灌溉的提前了18 d以上和22 d以上,比地面灌溉的分别提早9 d以上和13 d以上。洞穴灌溉能够明显改善脐橙树体的营养状态,叶片中N、P、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、B的含量比地面灌溉和对照都有明显的提高,其含量都达中国柑橘叶分析营养诊断分级标准的适量值水平。与地面灌溉和对照相比,洞穴灌溉对促进果实的生长发育和提高果实品质的作用更为明显,果实的平均单果重、果肉中可溶性固形物及可溶性总糖的含量和果汁率最高,3者间的差异达到显著水平（p〈0.05）。在相同的灌水量条件下,洞穴灌溉的水分利用效率最大,促进脐橙生长及提高产量、品质和改善树体营养状况的作用最好。该研究可为喀斯特山地柑橘节水灌溉提供参考。
For developing citrus drought resistance and water saving cultivation techniques in karst mountainous area, the 12 years old Newhall navel orange was used as the testing material to study the effects of cave irrigation, surface irrigation and no irrigation （CK） on the growth of new shoot and fruit, nutrient element contents in the leaves, fruit yield and quality in karst mountainous area. The results showed that the sprouting period of navel orange under cave irrigation and surface irrigation was 30 d earlier than that of no irrigation. The spring shoot growing period and flowering period of navel orange under cave irrigation was 3-7 d earlier than that of surface irrigation and 30 d earlier than that of no irrigation. Under the same irrigation amount, cave irrigation and surface irrigation both could obviously improve the spring shoot growth of navel orange. However, cave irrigation was the best at increasing the number, length, diameter of spring shoot, the number of spring shoot leaf and its leaf area. Its effect on improvement of navel orange spring shoot growth was more obvious than that of surface irrigation. The navel orange leaf age was 26 and 25 months in cave irrigation and surface irrigation respectively. Old leaves fell off in late March to the middle of April and early March to late March in each year in cave irrigation and surface irrigation respectively. Cave irrigation was the best at maintaining leaf healthy and extending leaf life. Leaf life in no irrigation was the shortest, which old leaves fell off in middle of December to late December in each year and the leaf age was only 20 months. The fruits of cave irrigation matured in normal times. The fruit-coloring beginning period of surface irrigation was about 7 to 10 d earlier than that of cave irrigation. The fruit-coloring beginning period of no irrigation was more than 18 and 22 d earlier than that of cave irrigation and was more than 9 and 13 d earlier than that of surface irrigation. Cave irrigation could obviously improve the nutrition
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第18期90-98,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家科技支撑计划"贵州喀斯特河谷优质柑橘产业化技术开发"(2005BA901A04)
科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目"喀斯特河谷优质柑橘产业化技术成果转化"(2008GB2F200280)
贵州省科技攻关计划"贵州优质柑橘产业基地建设配套技术开发与示范"(GZ2007-3001)
贵州省重大科技专项"南
北盘江河谷优质柑橘产业开发技术成果转化"(黔科合字2011-6020)
关键词
灌溉
生长
营养元素
喀斯特
脐橙
产量
水分利用效率
irrigation, growth, nutrients, karst, navel orange, yield, water use efficiency
